2017届高考英语牛津版一轮复习语法考点专练课件：9 情态动词和虚拟语气
<p> 与过去事实相反的假 设 <span word="If">If</span>+主语+<span word="had">had</span>+过去分 词 主语+<span word="should">should</span>/<span word="would">would</span>/ <span word="could">could</span>/<span word="might">might</span>+<span word="have">have</span>+过 去分词 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="advice">advice</span>,<span word="you">you</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="failed">failed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ex">ex</span>-<span word="ams">ams</span>. 如果你早听了我的建议,你考试就能通过了。 与将来事实相反的假 设 1.<span word="If">If</span>+主语+动词的过去式 2.<span word="If">If</span>+主语+<span word="were">were</span> <span word="to">to</span>+动词原形 3.<span word="If">If</span>+主语+<span word="should">should</span>+动词原形 主语+<span word="should">should</span>/<span word="would">would</span>/ <span word="could">could</span>/<span word="might">might</span>+动词原 形 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>,<span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="till">till</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="Monday">Monday</span>. 如果明天他不来,我们就把会议推迟到下周一。 使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点: 1.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称 为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调 整。如: <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="followed">followed</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="advice">advice</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="now">now</span>,<span word="you">you</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="now">now</span>.如果你刚才听 了我的建议,你现在就好多了。 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="studied">studied</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="before">before</span>,<span word="you">you</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="college">college</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="now">now</span>.如果你以前努 力学习的话,你现在早就是大学生了。 2.<span word="if">if</span>省略句 在虚拟条件句中可省略<span word="if">if</span>,把<span word="were">were</span>,<span word="had">had</span>,<span word="should">should</span>提到句首,变为倒装句式。如: <span word="If">If</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="again">again</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="harder">harder</span>. →<span word="Were">Were</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="again">again</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="harder">harder</span>. 如果我还有上学的机会,我会更加努力地学习。 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span>,<span word="you">you</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="caught">caught</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bus">bus</span>. →<span word="Had">Had</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span>,<span word="you">you</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="caught">caught</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bus">bus</span>. 如果你来得早些,你就能赶上公共汽车了。 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="rain">rain</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>,<span word="we">we</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="climbing">climbing</span>. →<span word="Should">Should</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="rain">rain</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>,<span word="we">we</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="climbing">climbing</span>. 如果明天下雨的话,我们就不去登山了。 注意:若省略的条件状语从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,不能用动词的缩略 形式。如:我们可以说<span word="Were">Were</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="expense">expense</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span> <span word="now">now</span>.但不能 说<span word="Weren">Weren</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="expense">expense</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span> <span word="now">now</span>. 3.含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现<span word="if">if</span>引导的条件句,而是通过 其他手段来代替条件句。如: <span word="What">What</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="million">million</span> <span word="dollars">dollars</span>(=<span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="million">million</span> <span word="dollars">dollars</span>)? 如果你有100万美元,你会做什么? <span word="Without">Without</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="help">help</span>,<span word="we">we</span> <span word="couldn">couldn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="ahead">ahead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="time">time</span>. =<span word="But">But</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="help">help</span>,...=<span word="If">If</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="help">help</span>,...=<span word="Had">Had</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="help">help</span>,... 没有你的帮助,我们不可能提前完成这项工作。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="ill">ill</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="day">day</span>.<span word="Otherwise">Otherwise</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sports">sports</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span>.(副词) 我那天病了。否则,我就参加运动会了。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="telephoned">telephoned</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="inform">inform</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="birthday">birthday</span>,<span word="or">or</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="it">it</span>.(连词) 他打电话通知了我你的生日,否则,我对此一点都不知道。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="help">help</span>,<span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="busy">busy</span>.(连词) 我本应该多帮帮你,但我(那时)太忙了。 4.<span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span>,<span word="even">even</span> <span word="though">though</span> 也可用于虚拟语气,其形式与<span word="if">if</span>从句在虚拟语气中的形式 相同。 二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 1.用于宾语从句中 (1)<span word="wish">wish</span>后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓 语动词构成形式为: 如: <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wish">wish</span>(<span word="that">that</span>)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bird">bird</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="fly">fly</span> <span word="freely">freely</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sky">sky</span>. 我希望我是一只小鸟,能在天空中自由飞翔。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wish">wish</span>(<span word="that">that</span>)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="star">star</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. 我希望昨天见到那个影星了。 <span word="How">How</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wish">wish</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="weren">weren</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="raining">raining</span> <span word="now">now</span>! 我多希望现在没下雨啊! 此外,<span word="If">If</span> <span word="only">only</span>+句子=<span word="How">How</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wish">wish</span>+<span word="that">that</span>从句。如: <span word="If">If</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="flying">flying</span> <span word="bird">bird</span>!=<span word="How">How</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wish">wish</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="flying">flying</span> <span word="bird">bird</span>! 我要是一只飞鸟该多好啊! <span word="If">If</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span>!=<span word="How">How</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wish">wish</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span>! 我要是看了那部电影多好啊! (2)用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中,常见的动词有:<span word="de">de</span>- <span word="mand">mand</span>,<span word="order">order</span>,<span word="require">require</span>,<span word="insist">insist</span>,<span word="suggest">suggest</span>,<span word="propose">propose</span>,<span word="advise">advise</span>等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结 构为“<span word="should">should</span>+动词原形”,<span word="should">should</span>可以省略。如: <span word="He">He</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span>(<span word="should">should</span>)<span word="start">start</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="day">day</span>. 他建议我们第二天早点出发。 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="insisted">insisted</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boy">boy</span>(<span word="should">should</span>)<span word="go">go</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="them">them</span>. 他们坚决主张那个男孩子跟他们一起去。 (3)在<span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span>后的宾语从句中,也用虚拟语气,其构成为<span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.+动 词过去式/<span word="had">had</span> <span word="done">done</span>(从句动作先发生)。如: <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="hear">hear</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span>. 我宁愿他们没听到那个消息。 (4)当<span word="suggest">suggest</span>表示“暗示,表明”之意,<span word="insist">insist</span>表示“坚持说”之意时,<span word="suggest">suggest</span>/<span word="in">in</span>- <span word="sist">sist</span>后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气,应使用陈述语气。如: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="smile">smile</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="satisfied">satisfied</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="work">work</span>.他脸上的微 笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="insisted">insisted</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="stolen">stolen</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="money">money</span>. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱。 在“<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="desired">desired</span>/<span word="suggested">suggested</span>/<span word="proposed">proposed</span>/<span word="recommended">recommended</span>/<span word="necessary">necessary</span>/<span word="important">important</span>/<span word="strange">strange</span>/ <span word="natural">natural</span>/<span word="a">a</span> <span word="pity">pity</span>/<span word="essential">essential</span>+<span word="that">that</span>从句”结构中,从句的谓语动词用“<span word="should">should</span>+动词原 形”,<span word="should">should</span>可以省略。如: <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span>(<span word="should">should</span>)<span word="be">be</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="till">till</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="week">week</span>.人们建议会议推 迟到下周。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="strange">strange</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> (<span word="should">should</span>)<span word="have">have</span> <span word="acted">acted</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="that">that</span>.(从句谓语动 词动作在主句谓语动词动作之前发生时,从句谓语要用“<span word="should">should</span> <span word="have">have</span>+过去分 词”,<span word="should">should</span>可以省略) 真奇怪他竟然那样对他的父母。 注意:以上句式也可以用陈述语气。如: <span word="It">It</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pity">pity</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="dance">dance</span>. 2.用于主语从句中 真遗憾你不会跳舞。 3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中 在<span word="suggestion">suggestion</span>,<span word="proposal">proposal</span>,<span word="order">order</span>,<span word="plan">plan</span>,<span word="idea">idea</span>,<span word="request">request</span>,<span word="advice">advice</span>等名词后的表语从句和同 位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是“<span word="should">should</span>+动词原形”,<span word="should">should</span>可以省略。 如: <span word="My">My</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span>(<span word="should">should</span>)<span word="think">think</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="accepting">accepting</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 我的意见是在接受它之前我们要仔细考虑。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="agreed">agreed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="suggestion">suggestion</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> (<span word="should">should</span>)<span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Dalian">Dalian</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="sightseeing">sightseeing</span>.我们 都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。 如果<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>/<span word="as">as</span> <span word="though">though</span>引导的从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词所表达的动作同时发 生,从句用一般过去时;如果<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>/<span word="as">as</span> <span word="though">though</span>引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作 先于主句谓语动词所表达的动作,从句用过去完成时;如果<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>/<span word="as">as</span> <span word="though">though</span>引导 的从句谓语动词所表达的动作后于主句谓语动词所表达的动作,从句谓语动 词用<span word="would">would</span>+动词原形。如: <span word="He">He</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="artist">artist</span>.(同时) 他看起来像个艺术家。 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="speaks">speaks</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="fluently">fluently</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="studied">studied</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="America">America</span>.(先于) 她讲英语如此流利,好像她在美国学过英语。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="learns">learns</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>.<span word="A">A</span>.(后于) 他如此努力地学英语,好像他要去美国。 易混点总结 一、<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>/<span word="as">as</span> <span word="though">though</span>用在虚拟语气中 二、虚拟语气用于定语从句中 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span>(<span word="high">high</span>)<span word="time">time</span>(<span word="that">that</span>)...句型中,定语从句的谓语动词用过去式,或用“<span word="should">should</span>+动 词原形”(其中<span word="should">should</span>不能省略)。此句型意为“(现在)该……”,用来表示提 议。如: <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span>(<span word="high">high</span>)<span word="time">time</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="school">school</span>. 你该去上学了。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span>(<span word="high">high</span>)<span word="time">time</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="out">out</span>. 我们该出发了。 高频考点一 情态动词表能力</p>
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