2017届高考英语一轮复习时态语态专题攻略：动词的语态（含解析）
<p> 1. 使用被动语态的情况</p><p> 1) 不知道或没有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="injured">injured</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="accident">accident</span>.</p><p> 这个年轻人在车祸中受伤了。</p><p> 2) 需要强调动作的承受者时。</p><p> <span word="Books">Books</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="newspapers">newspapers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="mustn">mustn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="away">away</span>.</p><p> 阅览室里的书籍和报纸是不允许被带走的。</p><p> 3) 为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方时。</p><p> <span word="Everybody">Everybody</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="obey">obey</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="rules">rules</span>.</p><p> 每个人都应该遵守下列规则。</p><p> 4) 动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时。</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="windows">windows</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="broken">broken</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="strong">strong</span> <span word="wind">wind</span>.</p><p> 窗户被大风刮坏了。</p><p> 5) 有些习惯用法只以或常以被动语态形式出现。</p><p> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="determined">determined</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span>.</p><p> 我决定要服药。</p><p> 2. 主动语态与被动语态的转化</p><p> 1) 最基本的变化是将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，主动句的谓语变为“<span word="be">be</span>＋及物动词的过去分词”形式，主动句中的主语变为<span word="by">by</span>结构，有时可省略。</p><p> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="discuss">discuss</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>. 我们明天讨论这个计划。</p><p> →<span word="The">The</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="discussed">discussed</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>(<span word="by">by</span> <span word="us">us</span>)这个计划明天讨论。</p>
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