2016届高考英语二轮复习微专题强化课件：2 语法填空
<p> 核心考点 对应演练 走向高考 · 英语 第一部分 微专题强化练 二 语法填空 第一部分 考 向 分 析 考 题 引 路 强 化 训 练 2 3 1 易 错 防 范 4 考 向 分 析 年份 2017 2015 命题趋势 课标全国<span word="I">I</span> 课标全国Ⅱ 课标全国<span word="I">I</span> 课标全国Ⅱ 题材 夹叙夹议文 记叙文 游记 说明文 设空方式都是有提示词(7)，无提示词(3)。有提示词的空大多是动词的时态和非谓语动词以及词性转换。无提示词的空以考查连词、介词、代词和冠词为主。 考查点 动词(2)，词性转换(3)，名词(1)，连词(2)，冠词(1)，形容词与副词(1) 动词(5)，词性转换(2)，连词(1)，介词(1)，代词(1) 动词(4)，词性转换(1)，名词(1)，连词(1)，形容词与副词(1)，代词(1)，介词(1) 动词(4)，词性转换(3)，连词(1)，冠词(1)，介词(1) 考查 方式 有提示词(7)，无提示词(3) 有提示词(7)，无提示词(3) 有提示词(7)，无提示词(3) 有提示词(7)，无提示词(3) 考 题 引 路 (一) (2015·课标全国Ⅱ) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="adobe">adobe</span> <span word="dwellings">dwellings</span>(土坯房)__1__(<span word="build">build</span>) <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Pueblo">Pueblo</span> <span word="Indians">Indians</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="Southwest">Southwest</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="admired">admired</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="even">even</span>__2__<span word="most">most</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="architects">architects</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="engineers">engineers</span>.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="addition">addition</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="beauty">beauty</span>，<span word="what">what</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="adobe">adobe</span> <span word="dwellings">dwellings</span> <span word="admirable">admirable</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="their">their</span>__3__(<span word="able">able</span>) <span word="to">to</span> “<span word="air">air</span> <span word="condition">condition</span>” <span word="a">a</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="without">without</span>__4__(<span word="use">use</span>)<span word="electric">electric</span> <span word="equipment">equipment</span>.<span word="Walls">Walls</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="adobe">adobe</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="heat">heat</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sun">sun</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="hot">hot</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="heat">heat</span>__5__(<span word="slow">slow</span>)<span word="during">during</span> <span word="cool">cool</span> <span word="nights">nights</span>，<span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="warming">warming</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="house">house</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="breaks">breaks</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="walls">walls</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="heat">heat</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="cold">cold</span> <span word="enough">enough</span>__6__(<span word="cool">cool</span>) <span word="the">the</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hot">hot</span> <span word="day">day</span>；__7__<span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="time">time</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="warm">warm</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="again">again</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="night">night</span>.<span word="This">This</span> <span word="cycle">cycle</span>__8__(<span word="go">go</span>) <span word="day">day</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="day">day</span>：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="walls">walls</span> <span word="warm">warm</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="cool">cool</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="timely">timely</span> <span word="offset">offset</span>(抵消)<span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="temperatures">temperatures</span>.<span word="As">As</span>__9__(<span word="nature">nature</span>) <span word="architects">architects</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Pueblo">Pueblo</span> <span word="Indians">Indians</span> <span word="figured">figured</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="exactly">exactly</span>__10__<span word="thick">thick</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="adobe">adobe</span> <span word="walls">walls</span> <span word="needed">needed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cycle">cycle</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="days">days</span>. 1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ 1．立意与点拨：考查非谓语动词。 答案：<span word="built">built</span> 该句中已有谓语动词<span word="are">are</span> <span word="admired">admired</span>，故此处应用非谓语动词。<span word="build">build</span>和其逻辑主语<span word="theadobe">theadobe</span> <span word="dwellings">dwellings</span>之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，空格后的<span word="by">by</span>引出了动作的发出者，故用<span word="build">build</span>的过去分词形式<span word="built">built</span>，作后置定语。 2．立意与点拨：考查冠词。 答案：<span word="the">the</span> 根据空后的最高级标志词<span word="most">most</span>可知此处填定冠词<span word="the">the</span>。句意为：由美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人建造的土坯房受到了最前卫的建筑师和工程师的青睐。 3．立意与点拨：考查词性转换。 答案：<span word="ability">ability</span> 空格前有作定语的形容词性物主代词<span word="their">their</span>修饰，所以用<span word="able">able</span>的名词形式<span word="ability">ability</span>，意为“能力”。句意为：除了朴素之美以外，这些土坯房令人赞叹之处是这些房子不使用电气设备而自动进行空气调节的能力。 4．立意与点拨：考查非谓语动词。 答案：<span word="using">using</span> <span word="without">without</span>为介词，故此处用动词的<span word="ing">ing</span>形式。 5．立意与点拨：考查词性转换。 答案：<span word="slowly">slowly</span> 修饰动词短语<span word="give">give</span> <span word="out">out</span>要用<span word="slow">slow</span>的副词形式<span word="slowly">slowly</span>。句意为：土坯做的墙在炎热的白天里吸收了太阳的热量，在凉爽的夜晚再把热量缓慢地释放出来，这样就使房子变得温暖。 6．立意与点拨：考查非谓语动词。 答案：<span word="to">to</span> <span word="cool">cool</span> 此处用作目的状语，要用动词不定式。 7．立意与点拨：考查介词。 答案：<span word="at">at</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="time">time</span>是固定词组，意为“与此同时”。 8．立意与点拨：考查动词时态。 答案：<span word="goes">goes</span> 根据上下文时态，可知此处应用一般现在时。 9．立意与点拨：考查词性转换。 答案：<span word="natural">natural</span> 名词<span word="architects">architects</span>前应用形容词作定语来修饰。 10．立意与点拨：考查名词性从句。 答案：<span word="how">how</span> 分析句子结构和空格后的形容词<span word="thick">thick</span>可知，此处应用<span word="how">how</span>引导宾语从句，表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要多厚。 (二) (2017·课标全国Ⅰ) <span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="facing">facing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="situation">situation</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="impossible">impossible</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="fix">fix</span>? <span word="In">In</span> 1969, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="terrible">terrible</span> <span word="along">along</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Cuyahoga">Cuyahoga</span> <span word="River">River</span> <span word="near">near</span> <span word="Cleveland">Cleveland</span>，<span word="Ohio">Ohio</span>.<span word="It">It</span> __1__(<span word="be">be</span>)<span word="unimaginable">unimaginable</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="up">up</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="river">river</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="polluted">polluted</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span>__2__(<span word="actual">actual</span>) <span word="caught">caught</span> <span word="fire">fire</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="burned">burned</span>.<span word="Now">Now</span>，<span word="years">years</span> <span word="later">later</span>，<span word="this">this</span> <span word="river">river</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span>__3__<span word="most">most</span> <span word="outstanding">outstanding</span> <span word="examples">examples</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="environmental">environmental</span> <span word="cleanup">cleanup</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="river">river</span> <span word="wasn">wasn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="changed">changed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="days">days</span> __4__ <span word="even">even</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="months">months</span>.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="work">work</span> __5__ (<span word="reduce">reduce</span>) <span word="the">the</span> <span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="water">water</span>.<span word="Finally">Finally</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="river">river</span> <span word="is">is</span> __6__ (<span word="clean">clean</span>) <span word="than">than</span> <span word="ever">ever</span>. <span word="Maybe">Maybe</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="facing">facing</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="impossible">impossible</span> <span word="situation">situation</span>.<span word="Maybe">Maybe</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="habit">habit</span> __7__ <span word="is">is</span> <span word="driving">driving</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="crazy">crazy</span>.<span word="Possibly">Possibly</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="drink">drink</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="don">don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="credit">credit</span> <span word="card">card</span> <span word="use">use</span>.<span word="When">When</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="impossible">impossible</span> <span word="situation">situation</span>，<span word="don">don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="quick">quick</span> <span word="fix">fix</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="immediately">immediately</span>? <span word="While">While</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span>__8__(<span word="amaze">amaze</span>) <span word="stories">stories</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="instant">instant</span> <span word="transformation">transformation</span>，<span word="for">for</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="the">the</span> __9___ (<span word="change">change</span>) <span word="are">are</span> <span word="gradual">gradual</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="require">require</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="effort">effort</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="work">work</span>, <span word="like">like</span> <span word="cleaning">cleaning</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="polluted">polluted</span> <span word="river">river</span>.<span word="Just">Just</span> <span word="be">be</span> __10__ (<span word="patience">patience</span>)． 1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ 1．立意与点拨：考查主谓一致及时态。 答案：<span word="was">was</span> 根据本段第一句<span word="In">In</span> 1969，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="terrible">terrible</span>...可知，本段叙述的是过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时。由于主语是<span word="It">It</span>，因此谓语用<span word="was">was</span>。句意为：当时很难想象这条河能够被清理干净。 2．立意与点拨：考查词性转换。 答案：<span word="actually">actually</span> 本空修饰动词<span word="caught">caught</span>和<span word="burned">burned</span>，作状语，应用副词形式。故填<span word="actually">actually</span>。句意为：河水污染严重到河面真的着火并燃烧起来。 3．立意与点拨：考查冠词。 答案：<span word="the">the</span> 此空后面的<span word="most">most</span> <span word="outstanding">outstanding</span>是形容词最高级的形式，由于形容词的最高级与定冠词连用，故填定冠词<span word="the">the</span>。句意为：多年后的今天，这条河流成为了环境清理最杰出的案例之一。 4．立意与点拨：考查连词。 答案：<span word="or">or</span> 句意为：但是，河水不是在几天或是几个月内变清澈的。本空前后为选择关系，都是指一段时间，且用于否定句中，故填<span word="or">or</span>。 5．立意与点拨：考查非谓语动词在固定句式中的运用。 答案：<span word="to">to</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> “<span word="It">It</span> <span word="takes">takes</span>/<span word="took">took</span>＋一段时间＋<span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.”为固定句型，意为“做某事花费……时间”。故填<span word="to">to</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span>。句意为：减少工业污染、清理河道花了数年时间。 6．立意与点拨：考查形容词的比较级。 答案：<span word="cleaner">cleaner</span> 句意为：终于，努力有了回报，现在的河水比以前干净了。“比较级＋<span word="than">than</span>...”为比较级的固定结构。故填<span word="cleaner">cleaner</span>。 7．立意与点拨：考查定语从句的关系词。 答案：<span word="that">that</span>/<span word="which">which</span>设空处为定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词为<span word="habit">habit</span>。当先行词是物时，定语从句可以用<span word="that">that</span>或者<span word="which">which</span>引导。句意为：或许你有一个能使家人抓狂的习惯。 8．立意与点拨：考查词性转换。 答案：<span word="amazing">amazing</span> 由提示词<span word="amaze">amaze</span>转化的形容词<span word="amazing">amazing</span>常修饰事物，而<span word="amazed">amazed</span>常用来修饰人。根据此空后的名词<span word="stories">stories</span>可知此处修饰事物，说明应该用<span word="amazing">amazing</span>。句意为：尽管有很多迅速改变的惊人事例，但是对于我们大多数人来说，变化是循序渐进的，并且也是需要很多的努力和工作的…… 9．立意与点拨：考查名词单复数变化。 答案：<span word="changes">changes</span> 本句中谓语部分是<span word="are">are</span>和<span word="require">require</span>，说明主语应该是一个复数形式的名词，所以使用<span word="changes">changes</span>。句意见上题解析。 10．立意与点拨：考查词性转换。 答案：<span word="patient">patient</span> 空前有系动词<span word="be">be</span>，因此要用提示词的形容词形式作表语，所以填<span word="patient">patient</span>。句意为：只要耐心点就好。 强 化 训 练 易 错 防 范 1．忽视语境 典例1 (2015·课标全国Ⅰ)<span word="A">A</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> ________，<span word="I">I</span>'<span word="d">d</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Hong">Hong</span> <span word="Kong">Kong</span>，<span word="with">with</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="choking">choking</span> <span word="smoke">smoke</span>. 易错警示：忽视空后的<span word="I">I</span>'<span word="d">d</span> <span word="been">been</span>，学生极易误填<span word="ago">ago</span>。 答案：<span word="before">before</span>/<span word="earlier">earlier</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>常与一般过去时连用，<span word="before">before</span>多与完成时连用。</p>
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