2017届高考英语一轮增分策略课件：短文改错——3.多度思维
<p> 2017年高考英语增分策略 （四）短文改错——3.多度思维 该题型为“写作第一节”,本题给出一篇约100个单词的短文,文中有10处错误,错误类型包括语法、句法、行文逻辑等。要求考生对每个句子进行判断,如有错误即将其改正。</p><p> 短文改错试题并不是单纯检测语法知识,而是检测考生在改错和书写的过程中,在语篇和上下文理解中,运用语言知识去解决实际的语言问题的能力。具体来说,短文改错主要检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章中错误的能力,以考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性。 高考英语短文改错的考点涵盖知识的领会、运用、分析、综合等诸多方面,考查目标既涉及语言知识的多个方面(词法、句法、语篇结构、行文逻辑等),又涵盖理解、分析、运用和整体思维等诸方面能力。 2017、2015年高考课标全国卷Ⅰ、Ⅱ短文改错题考点一览表 通过近两年的课标全国高考真题的分析,我们可以归纳出该题的考查特点和考查趋势: 1.短文改错材料的长度约100词,句子在10个左右。从体裁上看,历年高考题中的短文改错以记叙文和应用文为主。所选材料篇幅短、难度不大,但能够自成一体,说明一个事物或描述一件事情。 2.短文改错通常从词法、句法和行文逻辑三个角度设题,考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力。 3.短文改错设置的错误类型具体有:(1)名词的单复数;(2)动词的时态和语态;(3)非谓语动词;(4)介词的搭配;(5)主谓一致性;(6)冠词的用法;(7)固定词组的搭配;(8)行文逻辑一致性;(9)词性的混淆;(10)同义词辨异;(11)连词的误用;(12)代词的格与数;(13)句子成分残缺等。 4.复习备考应注意的问题:(1)关注一致性问题:主要包括主谓一致、时态和语态一致、代词指代一致、名词的数与格的一致、句式结构与语意一致、行文逻辑的一致等。(2)关注词性问题:了解主要词类的语法作用及其在句中的经常性位置。如:名词在句中一般做主语、宾语、表语;动词做谓语;形容词充当表语、定语和宾语补足语;副词则充当状语,修饰形容词、动词乃至句子。(3)关注词语固定搭配:主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配;副词与动词的固定搭配;及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词,英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。 考点一 一致性错误 解决该类错误要立足宏观、基于语篇、逻辑顺畅、搭配正确。具体要分析:①主谓是否一致;②指代是否一致;③修饰语与被修饰语是否一致;④前后时态是否一致;⑤单复数是否一致;⑥并列连词<span word="and">and</span>,<span word="or">or</span>,<span word="but">but</span>等前后的形式是否一致;⑦上下文的逻辑关系是否一致。 考点二 词性与成分错误 基于句子成分的分析来看每行或每句有无“词法、语法”错误:①形容词和副词的误用;②非谓语动词的误用;③代词做宾语的误用;④情态动词的用法、并列谓语的时态等细节问题。解决问题的关键是对句子进行语法成分的分析。 考点三 短语及搭配错误 对于介词、冠词的考查主要集中在短语搭配方面,在分析句子结构的时候一定要注意:①动宾搭配;②动词与介词搭配;③介词与名词搭配;④形容词与介词的搭配;⑤名词短语、固定短语等。解决问题的关键是把句子分析到短语层次,然后看看短语的结构是否有误。 考点四 从句及句型错误 考查从句的连接词是常见的命题方式。对于句式方面的考查可能出现在固定句型、强调句型、倒装句型等。 短文改错题所考查的语法知识的面并不广泛,近几年的考点基本一致,考点的分布可以参照上文的分析。基于考点,我们可以归纳出解题的基本方法为: 1.通读全文,理解语篇大意:掌握短文大意和上下文逻辑关系,检查全文语气是否连贯,起承转合是否符合文意,语句间的逻辑关系是否合理等。该步骤可以解决时态问题、语态问题、指代关系、逻辑关系等。 2.解读句子,分析语法或词汇错误:综合运用所学语言知识,根据各句不同的错误情况分别进行答题(即改词、加词或减词)。在纠错时要仔细地读懂每一个句子,不到句号不要停顿,这样才能发现其中的错误。 3.注意解题顺序:先分析语篇,注意上下文的联系;再分析句子,注意句子成分与联系;再分析意群或短语,看看固定搭配方面是否存在问题。 4.改后回读,纠正失误:做完短文改错后将答案放回原文,再重读全文,其目的主要是查看有无不符合逻辑,语句不通畅,不符合英语习惯的问题。改后复读,往往会发现那些在通读与细读中不曾发现的问题或做出的误改。复读过程中,凡遇到不通顺或不连贯之处,需进行细致的分析和推敲。此外,还要注意正确的书写及符号的运用。 总之,短文改错这种题型对学生来说有一定的难度,要想做好并不容易,所以学生平时一定要注意积累更多的语言知识,扩大词汇量,尤其是要掌握丰富的英语短语和固定搭配,在记忆时要一丝不苟,切忌随意增词或减词,此外还要掌握更多的句型结构和习惯表达,并保持良好的心态,这样在考试中才能从容不迫,游刃有余,迅速地找出错误并加以改正。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="When">When</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="child">child</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="hoped">hoped</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="happy">happy</span> <span word="there">there</span>.<span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="city">city</span>,<span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="miss">miss</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="countryside">countryside</span>.<span word="There">There</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mountains">mountains</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="green">green</span>.<span word="Unfortunately">Unfortunately</span>,<span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="industrialization">industrialization</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="polluted">polluted</span>.<span word="Lots">Lots</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="warming">warming</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="seriously">seriously</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="airs">airs</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="breathe">breathe</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="dirtier">dirtier</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dirtier">dirtier</span>.<span word="Much">Much</span> <span word="rare">rare</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="dying">dying</span> <span word="out">out</span>.<span word="We">We</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="protect">protect</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="environment">environment</span>.<span word="If">If</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="fail">fail</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="so">so</span>,<span word="we">we</span>’<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="regret">regret</span> <span word="it">it</span>. <span word="B">B</span> <span word="One">One</span> <span word="day">day</span>,<span word="little">little</span> <span word="Tony">Tony</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shopping">shopping</span> <span word="center">center</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="parent">parent</span>.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="crowded">crowded</span>.<span word="Tony">Tony</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="toy">toy</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shop">shop</span> <span word="window">window</span>.<span word="He">He</span> <span word="liked">liked</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="walked">walked</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shop">shop</span>.<span word="After">After</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="toy">toy</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="time">time</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="missing">missing</span>.<span word="Tony">Tony</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="scared">scared</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="begun">begun</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cry">cry</span>.<span word="A">A</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="crying">crying</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="telling">telling</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="wait">wait</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shop">shop</span>.<span word="Five">Five</span> <span word="minutes">minutes</span> <span word="later">later</span>,<span word="Tony">Tony</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="parents">parents</span>.<span word="Mom">Mom</span> <span word="said">said</span>,“<span word="How">How</span> <span word="nice">nice</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="again">again</span>!<span word="Dad">Dad</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="terrible">terrible</span> <span word="worried">worried</span>.”<span word="Tony">Tony</span> <span word="promised">promised</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="happen">happen</span> <span word="again">again</span>.</p>
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