2017届高考英语一轮复习《全优课堂》高考题型技巧突破课件：第1节 阅读理解（新人教版）
<p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="underlined">underlined</span> <span word="word">word</span>“<span word="dyslexia">dyslexia</span>” <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="means">means</span> ________. <span word="A">A</span>．<span word="difficulty">difficulty</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="seeing">seeing</span></p><p> <span word="B">B</span>．<span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="C">C</span>．<span word="trouble">trouble</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="listening">listening</span></p><p> <span word="D">D</span>．<span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="disorder">disorder</span></p><p> 【解析】<span word="B">B</span> 由下句“<span word="Someone">Someone</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="mathematics">mathematics</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="disorder">disorder</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="dyscalculia">dyscalculia</span>(不能做数学题的人可能患有一种被称为计算困难的疾病)”可以推断<span word="dyslexia">dyslexia</span>的意思为“阅读困难”。 9．以列举的句子为线索猜测词义 为了阐明某一种重要观念或者讲清某一抽象概念，作者往往采取举例的方式对这一观点或概念进行具体的说明和解释，从而使读者理解得更具体些。那么文中的例子自然也就成了读者理解文章生词的线索。表示列举关系的信号词有：<span word="like">like</span>，<span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>，<span word="for">for</span> <span word="instance">instance</span>，<span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span>，<span word="especially">especially</span>，<span word="include">include</span>，<span word="consist">consist</span> <span word="of">of</span>，<span word="specially">specially</span>。 例如： <span word="Defined">Defined</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="broadly">broadly</span>，<span word="folklore">folklore</span> <span word="includes">includes</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="customs">customs</span>，<span word="belief">belief</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tradition">tradition</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="handed">handed</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="generation">generation</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="generation">generation</span>. 此句中，<span word="includes">includes</span>后面的例子基本上表示出了“<span word="folklore">folklore</span>”的内容范围，即人们一代传一代的那些风俗、习惯、信仰和传统的东西。这些东西都属于通常所说的“民俗学，民俗传统”，这也就是“<span word="folklore">folklore</span>”一词的基本含义。 10．根据普通常识、生活经验猜测词义 在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，读者有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就增强。 【例1】<span word="When">When</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="performs">performs</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="operation">operation</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="patient">patient</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="gives">gives</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="anaesthetic">anaesthetic</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="unconscious">unconscious</span>，<span word="because">because</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="patient">patient</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="pain">pain</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="happening">happening</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="him">him</span>. 根据直接或间接的经验，一般具有一点医学常识的人都知道医生在给病人动手术之前，为了减轻病人的痛苦，往往给病人注射麻醉剂使病人失去知觉后再动手术。所以根据这一常识，通过上下文就能比较准确地确定“<span word="anaesthetic">anaesthetic</span>”一词的意思应该是“麻醉剂”。</p>
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