【名师小课堂】2017届高三英语新人教版一轮复习阅读写作技能课件：37 文章的基本结构
<p> 文章的基本结构就是指文章的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。另外，我们将主题的展开方式题也归在这一类，常见的提问方式有：</p><p> 1. <span word="How">How</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="mainly">mainly</span> <span word="developed">developed</span>? 2. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="mainly">mainly</span> <span word="by">by</span> ____. 3. <span word="How">How</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="text">text</span> <span word="organized">organized</span>? 4. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="structure">structure</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>?</p><p> 文章的基本结构 解答此两类题，仍采用略读法，重点阅读首尾段以及中间各段的首尾句，根据各主旨及各段内在的逻辑关系来进行判断。另外，需掌握以下文体结构和说明方式的基础知识： 1. 议论文的基本结构有“论点(总)——论据(分：可以有两个或多个论据)——结论(总)”或“总——分”或“分——总”三类。 一个段落一般由表达核心思想的主题句（<span word="topic">topic</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span>)、围绕主题句而展开的支撑句子（<span word="supporting">supporting</span> <span word="sentences">sentences</span>）和结论句（<span word="concluding">concluding</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span>）组成。</p><p> 2. 说明文中常用的说明方式主要有时间顺序（<span word="order">order</span> <span word="in">in</span>/<span word="of">of</span> <span word="time">time</span>）、空间顺序（<span word="order">order</span> <span word="in">in</span> /<span word="of">of</span> <span word="space">space</span>）、逻辑顺序（如原因与结果、现象与本质等）、举例子（<span word="providing">providing</span> <span word="examples">examples</span>）、作比较（<span word="making">making</span> <span word="comparisons">comparisons</span>）、分析原因（<span word="analyzing">analyzing</span>）、作诠释（<span word="giving">giving</span> <span word="explanations">explanations</span>）、分类别、列数字、打比方、下定义、列图表、作引用、作假设、对比说明相异、类比说明相似等。 顺便提提，掌握这些基础知识，对我们自己写作也非常有益。</p>
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