2017届广东省广州市天河中学高考英语语法一轮复习基础知识点精讲：省略句01（含答案）
<p> 省略句</p><p> 莎士比亚曾经说过：<span word="Brevity">Brevity</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="soul">soul</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="wit">wit</span>. （言以简为贵）。为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（<span word="ellipsis">ellipsis</span>）。一、 省略的目的</p><p> 省略多见于非正式的文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种十分普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的：</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>． 避免重复，减少累赘。</p><p> 省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。 <span word="Mike">Mike</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="day">day</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="day">day</span>. 迈克说他第二 天要来学校看我，但是第二天他并没有来学校看我。 -- <span word="Mike">Mike</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="day">day</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>'<span word="t">t</span>. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是他并没有来。(省掉最后九个词，句子简洁多了) — <span word="What">What</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span> 他昨天要了什么？ — <span word="An">An</span> <span word="apple">apple</span>. 一个苹果。（如果回答时说出全文“<span word="He">He</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="apple">apple</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>”，便显得别扭，不自然）<span word="B">B</span>． 连接紧密，结构紧凑。</p><p> 省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。 <span word="John">John</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="winner">winner</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1994 <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Bob">Bob</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1998. 约翰是1994年的获胜者，鲍勃是1998年的获胜者。（<span word="Bob">Bob</span>后省略了<span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="winner">winner</span>，句子结构显得比较紧凑） <span word="In">In</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="stopped">stopped</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="tents">tents</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="night">night</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="caves">caves</span>. 我们在有些地方住在帐篷里过夜，在有些地方住在山洞里。（<span word="in">in</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="places">places</span> 后省略了主语和谓语<span word="we">we</span> <span word="stopped">stopped</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="night">night</span>，上下文连接更加紧密） 省略： 回答问题要简洁，并列重复需省略。祈使主语常省略，比较<span word="than">than</span>后需省略。宾从表从<span word="that">that</span>勿省略。前后出现同一词，习惯表达需省略。<span word="C">C</span>．强调重点，突出信息。 省略的另一作用是突出新的信息。 <span word="Truth">Truth</span> <span word="speaks">speaks</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="low">low</span>, <span word="hypocrisy">hypocrisy</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="loud">loud</span>. 真理讲话声太低，虚伪讲话声太高。（后一分句省略谓语<span word="speaks">speaks</span>，突出了<span word="too">too</span> <span word="loud">loud</span>） — <span word="Have">Have</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="that">that</span> 你把那告诉他了吗？ — <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="yet">yet</span>. 还没有呢。(= <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="yet">yet</span>. 强调<span word="not">not</span> <span word="yet">yet</span> ) 二、 可省略的成分</p>
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