2017届广东省广州市天河中学高考英语语法一轮复习基础知识点精讲：动词语态01（含答案）
<p> 动词语态</p><p> 语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态(<span word="active">active</span> <span word="voice">voice</span>) 和被动语态(<span word="passive">passive</span> <span word="voice">voice</span>)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。</p><p> 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态是由助动词<span word="be">be</span>加及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词<span word="by">by</span>引出的短语表示。助动词<span word="be">be</span>随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。 <span word="A">A</span>. 十种常见时态的被动语态 1. 一般现在时 主动语态：<span word="do">do</span> 被动语态：<span word="amisare">amisare</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>. 我们每天打扫教室。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="songs">songs</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="sung">sung</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="girls">girls</span>. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。 <span word="Russian">Russian</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="taught">taught</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="school">school</span>. 我们学校不教俄语。 <span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="shipped">shipped</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span> 每天都有许多货物运往国外吗 2. 一般过去时 主动语态：<span word="did">did</span> 被动语态：<span word="waswere">waswere</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. 昨天我们打扫了教室。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="window">window</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="broken">broken</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="son">son</span>. 窗子是我儿子打破的。 <span word="Were">Were</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="trees">trees</span> <span word="planted">planted</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hill">hill</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span> 昨天山上种了许多树吗？ <span word="How">How</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="stolen">stolen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="all">all</span> 一共被偷了多少钱？ 3. 一般将来时 主动语态：<span word="willshall">willshall</span> <span word="do">do</span> 被动语态：<span word="willshall">willshall</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="soon">soon</span>. 我们很快要打扫教室。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="soon">soon</span>. 教室很快要被打扫了。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="immediately">immediately</span>. 这工作将马上做。 <span word="Will">Will</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="sports">sports</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="held">held</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="week">week</span>？ 校运动会将在下星期举行吗？ <span word="When">When</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lecture">lecture</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Internet">Internet</span> 什么时候给我们作有关因特网的讲座？ 4. 一般过去将来时 主动语态：<span word="would">would</span> <span word="do">do</span> 被动语态：<span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="soon">soon</span>. 我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="soon">soon</span>. 我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="trade">trade</span> <span word="center">center</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="built">built</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="centre">centre</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span>. 他说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="care">care</span>. 她问他们的计划会不会得到仔细的考虑。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wasn">wasn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="invited">invited</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="party">party</span>. 没人告诉我要被邀请出席晚会。 5. 现在进行时 主动语态：<span word="amisare">amisare</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> 被动语态：<span word="amisare">amisare</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="cleaning">cleaning</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="now">now</span>. 我们现在正在打扫教室。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="now">now</span>. 教室现在正在被打扫。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="hospital">hospital</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="built">built</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="centre">centre</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="town">town</span>. 镇中心正在兴建一家医院。 <span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="babies">babies</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="nurse">nurse</span> 这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？ <span word="How">How</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="method">method</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="tried">tried</span> <span word="there">there</span> 那里是怎样试行这种新教学方法的？ 6. 过去进行时 主动语态：<span word="waswere">waswere</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> 被动语态：<span word="waswere">waswere</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="cleaning">cleaning</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. 昨天这个时候我们在打扫教室。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. 昨天这个时候教室正在被打扫 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="discussed">discussed</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="time">time</span>. 那时正在讨论教学计划。 <span word="Was">Was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="TV">TV</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="fixed">fixed</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span> 昨天这个时候电视机正在被修理吗？ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="painted">painted</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="home">home</span>. 我们到他家时，他家房子正在粉刷。 7. 现在完成时 主动语态：<span word="hashave">hashave</span> <span word="done">done</span> 被动语态：<span word="hashave">hashave</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="tidy">tidy</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫了。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="tidy">tidy</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span>. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫了 <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="films">films</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="TV">TV</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="month">month</span>. 上个月以来，电视中播放了许多外国影片。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="radio">radio</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="yet">yet</span>. 收音机还没开。 <span word="Has">Has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="training">training</span> <span word="centre">centre</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="town">town</span>我们镇上新的培训中心建好了吗？ 8. 过去完成时 主动语态：<span word="had">had</span> <span word="done">done</span> 被动语态：<span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="looked">looked</span> <span word="tidy">tidy</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫过了。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="looked">looked</span> <span word="tidy">tidy</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span>. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫过了。 <span word="His">His</span> <span word="newly">newly</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="novel">novel</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="translated">translated</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="month">month</span>.上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="dismissed">dismissed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="boss">boss</span>.她告诉我，她的老板已把她解雇了。 <span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="homework">homework</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="home">home</span>. 我到家的时候，她的作业还没有完成。 9. 将来完成时 主动语态：<span word="willshall">willshall</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> 被动语态：<span word="willshall">willshall</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="o">o</span>'<span word="clock">clock</span>. 我们将在五点之前打扫完教室。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="o">o</span>'<span word="clock">clock</span>. 教室将在五点以前打扫完。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="entered">entered</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="register">register</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="parcel">parcel</span> <span word="arrives">arrives</span>. 这些新书在下一批书到来前将登记完毕。 <span word="How">How</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="expressways">expressways</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="completed">completed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="year">year</span>到明年年底将建成多少条高速公路？ <span word="Before">Before</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="return">return</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="done">done</span>. 你回来前我的工作将会做完。 10. 过去将来完成时 主动语态：<span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> 被动语态：<span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="by">by</span> 500. 我说我们将在五点之前打扫完教室。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="by">by</span> 500. 我说教室将在五点以前打扫完。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="headmaster">headmaster</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="article">article</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="translated">translated</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="month">month</span>. 校长说文章将在下月底翻译好。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="drawing">drawing</span> <span word="near">near</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dam">dam</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="completed">completed</span>. 大坝完工的日子不远了。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="preparations">preparations</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="by">by</span> 600. 他告诉我准备工作将在六点前完成。</p>
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