2017届广东省广州市天河中学高考英语语法一轮复习基础知识点精讲：动词语态02（含答案）
<p> 三、主动语态变被动语态</p><p> 中国人的思维的着眼点在动作的施动者，英美人思维的着眼点在动作的承受者。 中国人常这样说：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="expect">expect</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="time">time</span>. 我希望你准时到那里。 英美人常这样说：<span word="You">You</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="time">time</span>. 希望你准时到那里。 这就是英语中被动语态的使用比汉语中多的原因。由于英语句子的主动语态结构不同，因而变成被动语态的方式也各不相同。</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”结构中只有一个宾语，变为被动语态时，将宾语变为主语： <span word="They">They</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="discuss">discuss</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span>. 他们将在会议上讨论这个问题。 -- <span word="The">The</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="discussed">discussed</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span>. 这个问题将在会议上讨论。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="king">king</span> <span word="possessed">possessed</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="wealth">wealth</span>. 过去国王拥有巨大的财富。<span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="wealth">wealth</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="possessed">possessed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="king">king</span>. 过去，巨大的财富为国王所拥有。<span word="B">B</span>. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 在这个句型中，谓语动词跟有两个宾语。变成被动语态时，一般将通常指人的间接宾语转化成主语，但有时也可将指物的间接宾语转化成主语： <span word="We">We</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="books">books</span>. 我们给了这个学生几本书。 -- <span word="The">The</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="books">books</span>. 这个学生被给了几本书。 -- <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="student">student</span>. 几本书被给了这个学生。 <span word="His">His</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="week">week</span>. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。 -- <span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="week">week</span>. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。 -- <span word="A">A</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="week">week</span>. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。 注意：用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如<span word="to">to</span>, <span word="for">for</span>, <span word="of">of</span>等)，以加强间接宾语的语气。 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="awarded">awarded</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Nobel">Nobel</span> <span word="Prize">Prize</span>. 他们授予他诺贝尔奖。 -- <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Nobel">Nobel</span> <span word="Prize">Prize</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="awarded">awarded</span>（<span word="to">to</span>）<span word="him">him</span>. 诺贝尔奖被授予给他。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="host">host</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="caught">caught</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="fish">fish</span>. 主人给我们捉了一些鱼。<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="fish">fish</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="caught">caught</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="host">host</span>. 主人给我们捉了一些鱼。（<span word="for">for</span>不可省）( <span word="C">C</span>. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 在这个句型中，谓语动词后有一个宾语和一个宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，宾语转化成主语，宾语补足语也随之变为主语补足语： <span word="All">All</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="villagers">villagers</span> <span word="painted">painted</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="houses">houses</span> <span word="white">white</span>. 所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。 -- <span word="The">The</span> <span word="houses">houses</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="painted">painted</span> <span word="white">white</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="villagers">villagers</span>. 房子都被所有的村民都涂成了白色。 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="kept">kept</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="time">time</span>. 他们让我们等了很长时间。 -- <span word="We">We</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="kept">kept</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="time">time</span>. 我们等了很长时间。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="regarded">regarded</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="town">town</span>. 我们认为他是城里最好的医生。 -- <span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="regarded">regarded</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="town">town</span>. 他被认为是城里最好的医生。 注意： 有些使役动词和感官动词,如<span word="make">make</span>, <span word="see">see</span>, <span word="hear">hear</span>, <span word="watch">watch</span>, <span word="notice">notice</span>, <span word="observe">observe</span>, <span word="listen">listen</span> <span word="to">to</span>等，在主动结构中跟不带<span word="to">to</span>的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动结构时，不定式应加上<span word="to">to</span>。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="good">good</span>-<span word="bye">bye</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="friends">friends</span>. 我们听见他向朋友们道别。<span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="good">good</span>-<span word="bye">bye</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="friends">friends</span>. 他被听到向朋友们道别。(( <span word="D">D</span>. 含有情态动词的主动句变被动句 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词+ <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span>”构成。 情态动词 <span word="can">can</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> 主动形式 <span word="can">can</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> 被动形式 <span word="can">can</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="machine">machine</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="operated">operated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="care">care</span>. 这机器必须小心操作。 <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="here">here</span>. 这个句子不应该用在这里。 <span word="What">What</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="undone">undone</span>.覆水难收。 <span word="People">People</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="reminded">reminded</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="danger">danger</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="night">night</span>. 那天晚上必须提醒人们当心危险。</p>
页:
[1]