2017届广东省广州市天河中学高考英语语法一轮复习基础知识点精讲：独立主格结构02（含答案）
<p> 三、 <span word="with">with</span>, <span word="without">without</span> 引导的独立主格结构</p><p> 介词<span word="withwithout">withwithout</span> +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。 <span word="A">A</span>． <span word="with">with</span>+名词代词+形容词 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>誸 <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="windows">windows</span> <span word="open">open</span>. 他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。 = <span word="He">He</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>誸 <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="windows">windows</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="open">open</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="stood">stood</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rain">rain</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="clothes">clothes</span> <span word="wet">wet</span>. 他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。 = <span word="He">He</span> <span word="stood">stood</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rain">rain</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="clothes">clothes</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="wet">wet</span>. 注意： 在“<span word="with">with</span>+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-<span word="ing">ing</span>形式或-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式。 <span word="With">With</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="disappointing">disappointing</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="felt">felt</span> <span word="unhappy">unhappy</span>. 由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。 <span word="With">With</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="known">known</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>誸 <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="study">study</span>. 父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书。 <span word="B">B</span>． <span word="with">with</span>+名词代词+副词 <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lights">lights</span> <span word="on">on</span>. 所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。 = <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="ifwhen">ifwhen</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lights">lights</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="on">on</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="walking">walking</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="ahead">ahead</span>. 父亲在前，小孩在后走着。 = <span word="The">The</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="ahead">ahead</span>.</p><p> <span word="C">C</span>． <span word="with">with</span>+名词代词+介词短语 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="stood">stood</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="door">door</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>. 或 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="stood">stood</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="door">door</span>, <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>. 他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。 = <span word="He">He</span> <span word="stood">stood</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="door">door</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>. <span word="Vincent">Vincent</span> <span word="sat">sat</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pen">pen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="mouth">mouth</span>. 或 <span word="Vincent">Vincent</span> <span word="sat">sat</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>, <span word="pen">pen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="mouth">mouth</span>. 文森特坐在课桌前，嘴里衔着一支笔。 = <span word="Vincent">Vincent</span> <span word="sat">sat</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pen">pen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="mouth">mouth</span>. <span word="D">D</span>． <span word="with">with</span>+名词代词+动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式 <span word="With">With</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="homework">homework</span> <span word="done">done</span>, <span word="Peter">Peter</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="play">play</span>. 作业做好了，彼得出去玩了。 = <span word="When">When</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="homework">homework</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="done">done</span>, <span word="Peter">Peter</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="play">play</span>. <span word="With">With</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="signal">signal</span> <span word="given">given</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="started">started</span>. 信号发出了，火车开始起动了。 = <span word="After">After</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="signal">signal</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="given">given</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="started">started</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wouldn">wouldn</span>誸 <span word="dare">dare</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="finished">finished</span>. 工作还没完成，我不敢回家。 = <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wouldn">wouldn</span>誸 <span word="dare">dare</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="finished">finished</span>. <span word="E">E</span>． <span word="with">with</span>+名词代词+动词的-<span word="ing">ing</span>形式 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="felt">felt</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="happy">happy</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="sitting">sitting</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="him">him</span>. 有这么多的孩子坐在他周围，那男子感到很高兴。 = <span word="The">The</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="felt">felt</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="happy">happy</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="sitting">sitting</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="him">him</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="hid">hid</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="box">box</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="knowing">knowing</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span>. 小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。 = <span word="The">The</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="hid">hid</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="box">box</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="knew">knew</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span>. <span word="Without">Without</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="noticing">noticing</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="slipped">slipped</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="window">window</span>. 他趁没人注意的时候，从窗口溜走了。 = <span word="When">When</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="noticing">noticing</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="slipped">slipped</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="window">window</span>. <span word="F">F</span>． <span word="with">with</span>+名词代词+动词不定式 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="sad">sad</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="homework">homework</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>. 有这么多的家庭作业要做，小男孩看上去很不开心。 = <span word="The">The</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="sad">sad</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="homework">homework</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="kid">kid</span> <span word="feels">feels</span> <span word="excited">excited</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="visit">visit</span>. 有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="kid">kid</span> <span word="feels">feels</span> <span word="excited">excited</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="visit">visit</span>. 提示： 在<span word="withwithout">withwithout</span> 的复合结构中，多数情况下<span word="with">with</span> 能省略，但<span word="without">without</span> 不能省略。 <span word="Without">Without</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="spoken">spoken</span>, <span word="she">she</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="room">room</span>. 她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。（<span word="without">without</span>不能省略）四、 独立主格结构的句法功能</p>
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