2017届广东省广州市天河中学高考英语语法一轮复习基础知识点精讲：名词性从句01（含答案）
<p> 名词性从句</p><p> 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四大类，在句中分别用作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。</p><p> 一、 引导名词性从句的关联词</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>．<span word="that">that</span> 连词<span word="that">that</span>本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，在宾语从句中有时可省略。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="hear">hear</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="he">he</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="joined">joined</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="club">club</span>. 我听说他已经加入了足球俱乐部。 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="light">light</span> <span word="travels">travels</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="straight">straight</span> <span word="line">line</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="all">all</span>. 众所周知，光是以直线传播的。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="happens">happens</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span>. 碰巧我认识那个。 <span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="win">win</span> 他们一定会赢吗<span word="B">B</span>．<span word="whether">whether</span>和<span word="if">if</span> 连词<span word="whether">whether</span>和<span word="if">if</span>本身有意义（解释是否），在从句中不可省略。 1．<span word="whether">whether</span>可以连接所有的名词性从句，而<span word="if">if</span>只能引导宾语从句。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="attend">attend</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="concert">concert</span>. 我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。（宾语从句，可用<span word="if">if</span>代替<span word="whether">whether</span>） <span word="The">The</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="worth">worth</span> <span word="trying">trying</span>. 问题是值不值得试一试。（表语从句，不可用<span word="if">if</span>代替<span word="whether">whether</span>） <span word="Whether">Whether</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="difference">difference</span>. 她来不来都没有关系。（主语从句，不可用<span word="if">if</span>代替<span word="whether">whether</span>） <span word="He">He</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="agrees">agrees</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="not">not</span>. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。（同位语从句，不可用<span word="if">if</span>代替<span word="whether">whether</span>） 2．<span word="whether">whether</span>引导的宾语从句可作介的宾语，而<span word="if">if</span>则不能。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="depends">depends</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="us">us</span>. 这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。(不用<span word="if">if</span>) <span word="Ryan">Ryan</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="worrying">worrying</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="hurt">hurt</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="feelings">feelings</span>. 瑞恩担心是否伤害了她的感情。 3．<span word="if">if</span>既可引导语从句，也可引导宾语从句。如果用<span word="if">if</span>会引起歧义，应避免使用<span word="if">if</span>，而用<span word="whether">whether</span>。 <span word="Please">Please</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="join">join</span> <span word="us">us</span>. 请告诉我你是否想加入我们。（<span word="if">if</span>引导的从句可被看成是宾语从句，<span word="if">if</span>表示是否） <span word="Please">Please</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="join">join</span> <span word="us">us</span>. 如果你想加入我们的话，请告诉我一声。（<span word="if">if</span>引导的从句可被看成是条件状语从句，<span word="if">if</span>表示如果） <span word="Please">Please</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="join">join</span> <span word="us">us</span>. 请告诉我你是否想加入我们。（为避免引起歧义，可用<span word="whether">whether</span>表示是否）<span word="C">C</span>．<span word="who">who</span>, <span word="whom">whom</span>, <span word="whose">whose</span>, <span word="what">what</span>, <span word="which">which</span> 连接代词<span word="who">who</span>, <span word="whom">whom</span>, <span word="whose">whose</span>, <span word="what">what</span>, <span word="which">which</span>等在从句中既起连接作用，同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。 <span word="No">No</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="knows">knows</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="for">for</span>. 没人知道他当时在等谁。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="worrying">worrying</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="next">next</span>. 我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。 <span word="Tell">Tell</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="whos">whos</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span>. 告诉我这是谁的家。 <span word="Let">Let</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="arriving">arriving</span> <span word="on">on</span>. 告诉我你将乘哪列火车到达。 <span word="D">D</span>．<span word="where">where</span>, <span word="when">when</span>, <span word="how">how</span>, <span word="why">why</span> 连接副词<span word="where">where</span>, <span word="when">when</span>, <span word="how">how</span>, <span word="why">why</span>等在从句中既是连接词，又作状语。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span>.我不知道我们将在哪儿开会。 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="thinks">thinks</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="shecan">shecan</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="well">well</span>. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="anxious">anxious</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="visit">visit</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="museum">museum</span>. 我急于知道我们什么时候能参观博物馆。 比较： <span word="when">when</span>引导的时间状语从句和名词性从句中的不同时态。 <span word="Please">Please</span> <span word="lt">lt</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="arrive">arrive</span>. 你到的时候，请告诉我一声。（<span word="when">when</span>引导的是时间状语从句，从句中用一般现在时来表示将来。） <span word="Please">Please</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="arrive">arrive</span>. 请告诉我你什么时候到。（<span word="when">when</span>引导的是宾语从句，从句中用一般将来时。）<span word="E">E</span>．<span word="whoever">whoever</span>, <span word="whomever">whomever</span>, <span word="whatever">whatever</span>, <span word="whichever">whichever</span>, <span word="whosever">whosever</span> 连接代词<span word="whoever">whoever</span> = <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="who">who</span>任何人, 无论谁；<span word="whatever">whatever</span> =<span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="that">that</span>凡是...，无论什么；<span word="whichever">whichever</span> = <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="that">that</span>无论那一个, 任何一个；<span word="whomever">whomever</span> = <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> （<span word="whoever">whoever</span>的宾格形式）。 <span word="Whoever">Whoever</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="club">club</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="welcome">welcome</span>. 不论谁来参加这个俱乐部都欢迎。 <span word="Whatever">Whatever</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="worth">worth</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="worth">worth</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="well">well</span>.凡是值得做的就值得做好。 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="ate">ate</span> <span word="whatever">whatever</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="o">o</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="deserted">deserted</span> <span word="island">island</span>. 他们在荒岛找到什么就吃什么。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="whatever">whatever</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span>. 你可做任何你想做的事。 <span word="I">I</span>'<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="whichever">whichever</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="interests">interests</span> <span word="me">me</span>.我愿买任何让我感兴趣的书。 <span word="Whosever">Whosever</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="overdue">overdue</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="fined">fined</span>. 不管谁的书过期未还都要被罚款。 比较： 连接代词<span word="whoever">whoever</span>在宾语从句中作主语，<span word="whomever">whomever</span>作宾语从句中宾语。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="whoever">whoever</span> <span word="wants">wants</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 你可把这本书给任何想要的人。（此句中不能使用<span word="whomever">whomever</span>，因为<span word="whoever">whoever</span>在宾语从句中作<span word="wants">wants</span> <span word="it">it</span>的主语） <span word="You">You</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="whomever">whomever</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span>.你可把这本书给任何你喜欢的人。（<span word="whomever">whomever</span>在宾语从句中作<span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span>的宾语）二、宾语从句</p>
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