2017届高考英语一轮复习语法精练课件：专题13 特殊句式
<p> 走向高考 · 英语 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 人教版(课标卷地区) · 高考总复习</p><p> 语法专项突破</p><p> 第二部分 专题十三 特殊句式 第二部分 一、倒装句的2种类型 类别 倒装条件 倒装方法 典句例示 全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前) 以<span word="here">here</span>，<span word="there">there</span>，<span word="out">out</span>，<span word="in">in</span>，<span word="up">up</span>，<span word="down">down</span>，<span word="away">away</span>等副词开头，谓语动词多为<span word="be">be</span>，<span word="come">come</span>，<span word="go">go</span>等，主语是名词 副词＋谓语＋主语 ①<span word="Here">Here</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="picture">picture</span> <span word="books">books</span>. ②<span word="Out">Out</span> <span word="rushed">rushed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cat">cat</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="table">table</span>. 以<span word="then">then</span>，<span word="now">now</span>，<span word="thus">thus</span>，<span word="such">such</span>开头，谓语动词多为<span word="come">come</span>，<span word="follow">follow</span>，<span word="begin">begin</span>，<span word="end">end</span>，<span word="be">be</span>，主语是名词 副词＋谓语＋主语 ①<span word="Then">Then</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="difficulty">difficulty</span>. ②<span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="Albert">Albert</span> <span word="Einstein">Einstein</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="scientist">scientist</span>. 类别 倒装条件 倒装方法 典句例示 部分倒装(助动词/系动词<span word="be">be</span>/情态动词提到主语前) <span word="hardly">hardly</span>...<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="no">no</span></p><p> <span word="sooner">sooner</span>...<span word="than">than</span>，<span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span>...<span word="but">but</span>(<span word="also">also</span>)等连接两个分句时，如果<span word="hardly">hardly</span>，<span word="no">no</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span>，<span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span>位于句首，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变 <span word="Hardly">Hardly</span>/<span word="No">No</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span>/<span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="only">only</span>＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语＋谓语其他部分＋<span word="when">when</span>/<span word="than">than</span>/<span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span>＋分句 ①<span word="No">No</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bell">bell</span> <span word="rung">rung</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="in">in</span>. ②<span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="forced">forced</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="home">home</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="homework">homework</span>. <span word="so">so</span>(<span word="such">such</span>)...<span word="that">that</span>中的<span word="so">so</span>(<span word="such">such</span>)位于句首时 <span word="So">So</span>＋<span word="adj">adj</span>./<span word="adv">adv</span>.＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语＋谓语其他部分＋<span word="that">that</span>从句 ①<span word="So">So</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="it">it</span>. ②<span word="So">So</span> <span word="clearly">clearly</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="himself">himself</span> <span word="understood">understood</span>. 类别 倒装条件 倒装方法 典句例示 特别提醒 1.<span word="there">there</span>，<span word="here">here</span>，<span word="now">now</span>，<span word="then">then</span>，<span word="up">up</span>，<span word="down">down</span>，<span word="in">in</span>，<span word="away">away</span>，<span word="off">off</span>，<span word="out">out</span>等副词置于句首，但主语为人称代词时，不用倒装 ①<span word="Here">Here</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span>.②<span word="Then">Then</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="left">left</span>. ③<span word="Away">Away</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="hurried">hurried</span>. 2.<span word="only">only</span>修饰主语置于句首时，不能倒装 <span word="Only">Only</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="knows">knows</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="secret">secret</span>. 3.若两个主语一致时，则表示同意以上观点，不能倒装，此时<span word="so">so</span>表示“的确如此” —<span word="He">He</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="young">young</span>.—<span word="So">So</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="does">does</span>. 4.当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时，通常用“<span word="so">so</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="with">with</span>...”或“<span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="with">with</span>...” <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="likes">likes</span> <span word="singing">singing</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="dancing">dancing</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="Mary">Mary</span>. 5.<span word="Neither">Neither</span>...，<span word="nor">nor</span>...“……不……，……也不……”，连接两个并列分句时，这两个并列分句都用倒装结构 <span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="it">it</span>，<span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 二、省略句的5种类型 种类 要点归纳 典句例示 宾语从句 由<span word="which">which</span>，<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="where">where</span>或<span word="how">how</span>引导的宾语从句中与主句重复的主语及谓语可全部或部分省略，只保留一个连接代词或连接副词 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="back">back</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="when">when</span>(<span word="he">he</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="back">back</span>)． 引导宾语从句的从属连词<span word="that">that</span>可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上<span word="that">that</span>引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词<span word="that">that</span>可省略 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="she">she</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="clever">clever</span>. <span word="I">I</span>'<span word="m">m</span> <span word="afraid">afraid</span>，<span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span>，<span word="I">I</span> <span word="believe">believe</span>，<span word="I">I</span> <span word="hope">hope</span>，<span word="I">I</span> <span word="guess">guess</span>等作答语，后面<span word="so">so</span>与<span word="not">not</span>分别等于肯定和否定，宾语从句可省略 —<span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="rain">rain</span>? —<span word="I">I</span> <span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="not">not</span> (<span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="rain">rain</span>)． 种类 要点归纳 典句例示 定语从句 在限制性定语从句中，关系代词<span word="that">that</span>，<span word="which">which</span>，<span word="whom">whom</span>充当宾语，而且前面无介词时可省略。关系代词在从句中作表语时也可省略 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="watch">watch</span> (<span word="that">that</span>/<span word="which">which</span>) <span word="he">he</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. <span word="the">the</span> <span word="way">way</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span>后的定语从句，常省略关系词 ①<span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="way">way</span> (<span word="that">that</span>/<span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span>) <span word="he">he</span> <span word="speaks">speaks</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="others">others</span>. ②<span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> (<span word="when">when</span>) <span word="he">he</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span>. 状语 从句 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为<span word="it">it</span>且从句谓语中有<span word="be">be</span>动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和<span word="be">be</span>动词 ①<span word="Please">Please</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="as">as</span> (<span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span>)<span word="possible">possible</span>. ②<span word="Though">Though</span> (<span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span>)<span word="tired">tired</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="walking">walking</span>. 虚拟语气 在虚拟条件句中，如含有<span word="had">had</span>，<span word="were">were</span>，<span word="should">should</span>，<span word="if">if</span>可省略，句子要用倒装 <span word="Were">Were</span> <span word="I">I</span> (＝<span word="If">If</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="were">were</span>) <span word="twenty">twenty</span> <span word="now">now</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="join">join</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="army">army</span>. 种类 要点归纳 典句例示 动词不定式 不定式符号<span word="to">to</span>的省略 感官动词或使役动词(如<span word="feel">feel</span>，<span word="see">see</span>，<span word="hear">hear</span>，<span word="notice">notice</span>，<span word="let">let</span>，<span word="make">make</span>，<span word="have">have</span>等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略<span word="to">to</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="someone">someone</span> <span word="sing">sing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="room">room</span>. 在<span word="do">do</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="but">but</span>，<span word="can">can</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="but">but</span>，<span word="why">why</span> <span word="not">not</span>，<span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span>...<span word="than">than</span>...；<span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> ...<span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span>...等句型中省略<span word="to">to</span> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="wait">wait</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span>. 动词不定式 不定式省略 使用不定式符号<span word="to">to</span>来代替整个不定式，常在<span word="be">be</span> <span word="afraid">afraid</span>，<span word="expect">expect</span>，<span word="forget">forget</span>，<span word="hope">hope</span>，<span word="intend">intend</span>，<span word="like">like</span>，<span word="love">love</span>，<span word="mean">mean</span>，<span word="prefer">prefer</span>，<span word="refuse">refuse</span>，<span word="seem">seem</span>，<span word="try">try</span>，<span word="want">want</span>，<span word="wish">wish</span>等后面 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span>. 在某些形容词<span word="glad">glad</span>，<span word="happy">happy</span>，<span word="pleased">pleased</span>，<span word="delighted">delighted</span>等后面使用不定式符号<span word="to">to</span>来代替整个不定式 —<span word="Will">Will</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="join">join</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="game">game</span>? —<span word="I">I</span>'<span word="d">d</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="glad">glad</span> <span word="to">to</span>. 如果不定式中含有<span word="be">be</span>，<span word="have">have</span>，<span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span>，通常保留<span word="be">be</span>，<span word="have">have</span>和<span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> —<span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sailor">sailor</span>? —<span word="No">No</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>. 三、强调的2种类型 种类 要点归纳 典句例示 强调句 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span>/<span word="was">was</span>...<span word="that">that</span>/<span word="who">who</span>可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时，可用<span word="that">that</span>或<span word="who">who</span>，其他情况下用<span word="that">that</span> <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="gate">gate</span>. 在强调句中，当强调主语时，其后的谓语动词应和主语在人称和数上保持一致 ①<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="White">White</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Betty">Betty</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="deeds">deeds</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="lady">lady</span>. ②<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="who">who</span>/<span word="that">that</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="willing">willing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span>. 如果原句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，强调句结构须用：<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span>...<span word="that">that</span>/<span word="who">who</span>...；如原句的谓语动词是过去时态，则强调句结构须用<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span>...<span word="that">that</span>/<span word="who">who</span>... ①<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="street">street</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span>. ②<span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>？ 种类 要点归纳 典句例示 强调句 “<span word="not">not</span>...<span word="until">until</span>...”句型的强调结构为“<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span>/<span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="until">until</span>...<span word="that">that</span>...” <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="until">until</span> 11 <span word="o">o</span>'<span word="clock">clock</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bed">bed</span>. 强调句型的一般疑问句形式：<span word="Is">Is</span>/<span word="Was">Was</span> <span word="it">it</span>＋被强调部分＋<span word="that">that</span>/<span word="who">who</span>＋其他成分 <span word="Was">Was</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1939 <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Second">Second</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="War">War</span> <span word="broke">broke</span> <span word="out">out</span>？ 强调句的特殊疑问句句型为：疑问词＋<span word="is">is</span>/<span word="was">was</span>＋<span word="it">it</span>＋<span word="that">that</span>/<span word="who">who</span>...？ <span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="Jack">Jack</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>？ 谓语动词的强调 </p>
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