2017全新教程高考英语总复习（人教版浙江专用）课件：语法专项训练(十二)
<p> 高考体验 模拟演练 本部分内容讲解结束 点此进入课件目录 按<span word="ESC">ESC</span>键退出全屏播放 谢谢使用 * 语法专项训练(十二) 高考体验 模拟演练 特殊句式</p><p> 语法专项训练 (十二) 特殊句式 主谓一致 一、语法一致原则 主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数，主语是复数，谓语用复数。 <span word="Two">Two</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="office">office</span>. 两名学生在办公室等你。 二、意义一致原则 (一)谓语动词为单数的情况 1．由连词<span word="and">and</span>连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="worker">worker</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="writer">writer</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Wuhan">Wuhan</span>. 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。 2．作并列主语的单数名词前分别有<span word="each">each</span>，<span word="every">every</span>，<span word="no">no</span>修饰时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 <span word="Each">Each</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="wants">wants</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>. 每个男孩和女孩都想努力工作。 <span word="No">No</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="likes">likes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span>. 老师和学生都不喜欢电影。 3．非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。 <span word="Persuading">Persuading</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="join">join</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>. 劝他加入我们看起来确实难。 <span word="To">To</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bed">bed</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="habit">habit</span>. 早睡早起是一个好的习惯。 <span word="Whatever">Whatever</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="away">away</span>. 无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。 【温馨提示】 <span word="what">what</span>引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="books">books</span>.他们需要的是书。 (二)谓语动词用复数的情况 1．由<span word="and">and</span>连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。 <span word="Both">Both</span> <span word="bread">bread</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="butter">butter</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="sold">sold</span> <span word="out">out</span>. 面包和黄油都卖完了。 2．<span word="people">people</span>，<span word="police">police</span>，<span word="cattle">cattle</span>等有生命的集体名词作主语。 <span word="People">People</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="pleasure">pleasure</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="spare">spare</span> <span word="time">time</span>. 人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。 三、就近一致原则 1．由<span word="or">or</span>，<span word="either">either</span>...<span word="or">or</span>...，<span word="neither">neither</span>...<span word="nor">nor</span>...，<span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span>...<span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span>...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。 (2009年高考湖南卷)<span word="Either">Either</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="attend">attend</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="due">due</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>. 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。 <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nurses">nurses</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="patients">patients</span>. 护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。 【温馨提示】 如果主语后面带有<span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="as">as</span>，<span word="no">no</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span>，<span word="along">along</span> <span word="with">with</span>，<span word="with">with</span>，<span word="like">like</span>，<span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span>，<span word="together">together</span> <span word="with">with</span>，<span word="but">but</span>，<span word="except">except</span>，<span word="besides">besides</span>，<span word="including">including</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="addition">addition</span> <span word="to">to</span>等引导的短语时，句中谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的单复数。 (2009年高考陕西卷)<span word="Dr">Dr</span>.<span word="Smith">Smith</span>，<span word="together">together</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="wife">wife</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="daughters">daughters</span>，<span word="is">is</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="visit">visit</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="summer">summer</span>. <span word="Dr">Dr</span>.<span word="Smith">Smith</span>将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="opinion">opinion</span>，<span word="he">he</span>，<span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="you">you</span>，<span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="blame">blame</span>. 依我看来，他，而不是你该受谴责。 2．由<span word="there">there</span>，<span word="here">here</span>引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pencil">pencil</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="pens">pens</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pencil">pencil</span> <span word="box">box</span>. 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。 1．强调句的基本句型是“<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span>/<span word="was">was</span>＋被强调的部分＋<span word="that">that</span>/<span word="who">who</span>＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="stupid">stupid</span> <span word="mistakes">mistakes</span>. 只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。 (2009年高考浙江卷)—<span word="I">I</span>’<span word="ve">ve</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="week">week</span>. 这星期我又看了一本书。 强调句型 —<span word="Well">Well</span>，<span word="maybe">maybe</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="counts">counts</span>. 嗯，也许重要的不是你看了多少而是你看了什么。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="mother">mother</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="ill">ill</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. 是因为她妈妈病了，她昨天才没来上学的。 2．强调句型的一般疑问句只需将<span word="is">is</span>/<span word="was">was</span>提前，特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词＋<span word="is">is</span>/<span word="was">was</span>＋<span word="it">it</span>＋<span word="that">that</span>从句”。 <span word="Was">Was</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="street">street</span>? 你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗？ <span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="thing">thing</span>? 究竟是谁告诉你这件事的？ <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>? 究竟是为什么你昨天没有来开会？ 3．“<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="until">until</span>...<span word="that">that</span>...”这个句型强调时间状语。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="prepare">prepare</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="lessons">lessons</span>. 直到他爸爸进来时，那个男孩才开始准备功课。 1．完全倒装 (1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如<span word="here">here</span>，<span word="there">there</span>，<span word="now">now</span>，<span word="then">then</span>，<span word="up">up</span>，<span word="down">down</span>，<span word="in">in</span>，<span word="away">away</span>，<span word="off">off</span>，<span word="out">out</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span>，<span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wall">wall</span>等，置于句首时，完全倒装。 <span word="Be">Be</span> <span word="quick">quick</span>！<span word="Here">Here</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bus">bus</span>.快点！公共汽车来了。 倒装 (2009年高考福建卷)<span word="For">For</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="moment">moment</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="happened">happened</span>.<span word="Then">Then</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="voices">voices</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="shouting">shouting</span> <span word="together">together</span>. 那会儿，什么都没发生。之后大家一起欢呼起来。 <span word="Out">Out</span> <span word="rushed">rushed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="children">children</span>.孩子们冲出了教室。 【温馨提示】 上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。 <span word="Away">Away</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="went">went</span>.他们走了。 <span word="Over">Over</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="turns">turns</span>！它翻过来了。 (2)表语＋连系动词＋主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词) <span word="Present">Present</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="Professor">Professor</span> <span word="White">White</span>，<span word="Professor">Professor</span> <span word="Smith">Smith</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="guests">guests</span>. 出席会议的有怀特教授，史密斯教授还有许多其他客人。 (3)<span word="such">such</span>＋<span word="be">be</span>＋主语 <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="facts">facts</span>；<span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="deny">deny</span> <span word="them">them</span>. 这些就是事实，没有人可以否认。 2．部分倒装 (1)<span word="So">So</span>/<span word="Neither">Neither</span>/<span word="Nor">Nor</span>＋助动词/情态动词＋主语(表示前一句中的内容也适合另一人或另一事物) <span word="Lily">Lily</span> <span word="can">can</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="table">table</span>－<span word="tennis">tennis</span>.<span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="I">I</span>. 莉莉不会打乒乓球。我也不会。 (2)否定副词<span word="never">never</span>，<span word="nor">nor</span>，<span word="not">not</span>，<span word="hardly">hardly</span>，<span word="little">little</span>，<span word="seldom">seldom</span>，<span word="scarcely">scarcely</span>，<span word="rarely">rarely</span>及表否定意义的介词短语<span word="at">at</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="time">time</span>，<span word="under">under</span>/<span word="in">in</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="circumstances">circumstances</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="case">case</span>，<span word="by">by</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="means">means</span>，<span word="on">on</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="condition">condition</span>等置于句首时。 (2009年高考陕西卷)<span word="Little">Little</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="Rose">Rose</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="safety">safety</span>，<span word="though">though</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="danger">danger</span> <span word="herself">herself</span>. 虽然身处险境，罗丝却丝毫不在意她个人的安危。 <span word="John">John</span> <span word="talked">talked</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="hour">hour</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>.<span word="Never">Never</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="talk">talk</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="much">much</span>. 约翰昨天和我谈了约一个小时，在那之前，我从未听过他说那么多话。 <span word="By">By</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="lose">lose</span> <span word="heart">heart</span>.你决不应该失去信心。 (3)<span word="hardly">hardly</span>...<span word="when">when</span>...，<span word="no">no</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span>...<span word="than">than</span>...，<span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span>...<span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span>...等引导两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。 <span word="Hardly">Hardly</span>/<span word="Scarcely">Scarcely</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cry">cry</span>. 他一听到这个消息就哭了。 (2009年高考全国卷Ⅰ)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span>.<span word="As">As</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="result">result</span>，<span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="teachers">teachers</span>’ <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="saved">saved</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="interested">interested</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lessons">lessons</span>. 电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。 (4)在<span word="so">so</span>/<span word="such">such</span>...<span word="that">that</span>...句型中，若<span word="so">so</span>/<span word="such">such</span>...提到句首时。 <span word="So">So</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="advice">advice</span>. 我觉得这个问题太难解决了以至于决定向汤姆征求建议。 <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="progress">progress</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="praised">praised</span>. 他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。 (5)当“<span word="only">only</span>＋状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”置于句首时。 <span word="Only">Only</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="friend">friend</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="repaired">repaired</span>. 只有在我朋友来了之后，电脑才修好。 (6)用于<span word="as">as</span>引导的让步状语从句中(表语/状语/动词原形＋<span word="as">as</span>＋主语)。 <span word="Child">Child</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="himself">himself</span>. 尽管他是个孩子，他却得自己谋生。 <span word="Try">Try</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="would">would</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="fail">fail</span> <span word="again">again</span>. 尽管他还会试，但可能还会失败。 1．在<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="while">while</span>，<span word="whenever">whenever</span>，<span word="till">till</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="as">as</span>，<span word="if">if</span>，<span word="unless">unless</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>，<span word="though">though</span>，<span word="as">as</span>等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有<span word="be">be</span>动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是<span word="it">it</span>时，从句的主语和<span word="be">be</span>常被省略。 省略 <span word="Unless">Unless</span> (<span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span>) <span word="invited">invited</span>，<span word="I">I</span> <span word="won">won</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="party">party</span>. 除非被邀请，否则我是不会去参加那个派对的。 <span word="When">When</span>(<span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span>)<span word="working">working</span>，<span word="you">you</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="attention">attention</span>. 上班时，你必须全神贯注。 <span word="Get">Get</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>，<span word="if">if</span> <span word="not">not</span> (<span word="you">you</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="early">early</span>)，<span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="miss">miss</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="bus">bus</span>. 明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。 2．不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号<span word="to">to</span>。 (1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在<span word="be">be</span> <span word="afraid">afraid</span>，<span word="be">be</span> <span word="glad">glad</span>，<span word="forget">forget</span>，<span word="hope">hope</span>，<span word="intend">intend</span>，<span word="like">like</span>，<span word="love">love</span>，<span word="mean">mean</span>，<span word="prefer">prefer</span>，<span word="refuse">refuse</span>，<span word="seem">seem</span>，<span word="try">try</span>，<span word="want">want</span>，<span word="wish">wish</span>等的后边。 —<span word="Will">Will</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="join">join</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="game">game</span>? 你愿意加入做游戏吗？ —<span word="I">I</span>’<span word="d">d</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="glad">glad</span> <span word="to">to</span>. 我很高兴参加。 (2)如果不定式中含有<span word="be">be</span>，<span word="have">have</span>，<span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span>，通常保留<span word="be">be</span>，<span word="have">have</span>和<span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span>。 —<span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sailor">sailor</span>? 你是海员吗？ —<span word="No">No</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>. 不，但我过去是。 *</p>
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