人教版2017高考英语全套解析一轮复习课件：语法精要7 动词的时态和语态
<p> 3．表示主语的特征或特点的动词，如<span word="read">read</span>，<span word="write">write</span>，<span word="act">act</span>，<span word="cut">cut</span>，<span word="draw">draw</span>，<span word="drive">drive</span>，<span word="sell">sell</span>，<span word="wash">wash</span>，<span word="clean">clean</span>，<span word="wear">wear</span>，<span word="open">open</span>，<span word="lock">lock</span>，<span word="shut">shut</span>，<span word="eat">eat</span>，<span word="drink">drink</span>等。 注意这类动词一般不单独使用，通常带有一个修饰语。如： <span word="The">The</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="sells">sells</span> <span word="well">well</span>. 这本书很畅销。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="machine">machine</span> <span word="runs">runs</span> <span word="well">well</span>. 机器运转良好。</p><p> <span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="composition">composition</span> <span word="reads">reads</span> <span word="well">well</span>. 你的作文读起来很不错。</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="pen">pen</span> <span word="writes">writes</span> <span word="smoothly">smoothly</span>. 这支钢笔写起来很流畅。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="coat">coat</span> <span word="wears">wears</span> <span word="well">well</span>. 这件大衣很耐穿。 4．介词<span word="in">in</span>，<span word="on">on</span>，<span word="under">under</span>等＋名词构成介词短语表被动意义。 表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词连用，含被动之意，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不加冠词。常见的有：<span word="under">under</span> <span word="control">control</span>受控制，<span word="under">under</span> <span word="treatment">treatment</span>在治疗中，<span word="under">under</span> <span word="repair">repair</span>在修理中，<span word="under">under</span> <span word="discussion">discussion</span>在讨论中，<span word="under">under</span> <span word="construction">construction</span>在施工中，<span word="for">for</span> <span word="sale">sale</span>出售，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="print">print</span>在印刷中，<span word="on">on</span> <span word="sale">sale</span>低价出售，<span word="on">on</span> <span word="show">show</span>展出，<span word="on">on</span> <span word="trial">trial</span>受审，<span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="control">control</span>控制不了，<span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sight">sight</span>超出视线之外，<span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="one">one</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="reach">reach</span>够不着，<span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fashion">fashion</span>不流行。如： <span word="The">The</span> <span word="building">building</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="construction">construction</span>. 大楼正在建设中。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="print">print</span>. 这本书正在印刷中。 5．不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：<span word="fit">fit</span>，<span word="have">have</span>，<span word="wish">wish</span>，<span word="cost">cost</span>，<span word="agree">agree</span> <span word="with">with</span>，<span word="arrive">arrive</span> <span word="at">at</span>/<span word="in">in</span>，<span word="suffer">suffer</span> <span word="from">from</span>，<span word="happen">happen</span> <span word="to">to</span>，<span word="belong">belong</span> <span word="to">to</span>等。如： <span word="The">The</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="belongs">belongs</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="me">me</span>. 这辆车是我的。 (二)一般现在时态和一般过去时态的区别 (1)一般现在时态常表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，常和<span word="always">always</span>，<span word="usually">usually</span>，<span word="often">often</span>，<span word="sometimes">sometimes</span>，<span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>，<span word="now">now</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span>等表时间的状语连用。如： <span word="He">He</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="gets">gets</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="o">o</span>'<span word="clock">clock</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>. 他经常早晨六点起床。 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="writes">writes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="week">week</span>. 她每星期给父母写一次信。 (2)表示客观事实、客观规律或客观真理时用一般现在时态。如： <span word="The">The</span> <span word="sun">sun</span> <span word="rises">rises</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span>. 太阳从东方升起。 <span word="As">As</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="know">know</span>，<span word="light">light</span> <span word="travels">travels</span> <span word="faster">faster</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="sound">sound</span>. 我们知道，光比声音传得快。 (3)一般过去时态常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去时态往往和明确的表示过去的时间状语连用，常用的时间状语有：<span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>，<span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>，<span word="two">two</span> <span word="days">days</span>(<span word="months">months</span>，<span word="weeks">weeks</span>)<span word="ago">ago</span>，<span word="in">in</span> 1980，<span word="before">before</span> <span word="liberation">liberation</span>，<span word="at">at</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="time">time</span>等。如： <span word="I">I</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>. 今天早上我起床晚了。</p>
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