人教版2017高考英语全套解析一轮复习课件：语法精要1 名词
<p> 语法精要一 名词</p><p> 一、名词的分类</p><p> 名 词 普通名词 个体名词 <span word="student">student</span></p><p> 可数名词 集体名词 <span word="class">class</span> 物质名词 <span word="water">water</span> 不可数名词 抽象名词 <span word="happiness">happiness</span> 专有名词 <span word="China">China</span> 二、名词的数 1．不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数之分，它包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词。下列名词通常用作不可数名词：<span word="fun">fun</span>, <span word="advice">advice</span>, <span word="weather">weather</span>, <span word="progress">progress</span>, <span word="information">information</span>, <span word="bread">bread</span>, <span word="butter">butter</span>，<span word="baggage">baggage</span>, <span word="clothing">clothing</span>, <span word="equipment">equipment</span>, <span word="furniture">furniture</span>, <span word="homework">homework</span>，<span word="juice">juice</span>, <span word="luggage">luggage</span>, <span word="luck">luck</span>, <span word="music">music</span>, <span word="milk">milk</span>, <span word="meat">meat</span>, <span word="production">production</span>，<span word="permission">permission</span>, <span word="practice">practice</span>, <span word="rubber">rubber</span>, <span word="rice">rice</span>, <span word="soup">soup</span>, <span word="wealth">wealth</span>, <span word="word">word</span> (＝<span word="news">news</span>), <span word="health">health</span>, <span word="glass">glass</span>, <span word="wood">wood</span>, <span word="English">English</span>, <span word="America">America</span>等。 2．可数名词 (1)可数名词规则的复数形式 可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词，有单、复数形式。 ①规则名词变复数的方法 情况 方法 例词 一般情况 加<span word="s">s</span> <span word="books">books</span>，<span word="bags">bags</span> 以<span word="s">s</span>，<span word="x">x</span>，<span word="ch">ch</span>，<span word="sh">sh</span>结尾的名词</p><p> 加<span word="es">es</span> <span word="glasses">glasses</span>，<span word="dishes">dishes</span>，<span word="boxes">boxes</span>，<span word="watches">watches</span> 以“辅音字母＋<span word="y">y</span>”结尾的名词 变“<span word="y">y</span>”为“<span word="i">i</span>”再加<span word="es">es</span> <span word="families">families</span>，<span word="babies">babies</span>，<span word="armies">armies</span> 大部分以<span word="f">f</span>或<span word="fe">fe</span>结尾的名词 变“<span word="f">f</span>”或“<span word="fe">fe</span>”为“<span word="v">v</span>”再加<span word="es">es</span> <span word="halves">halves</span>，<span word="lives">lives</span>，<span word="knives">knives</span>，<span word="wives">wives</span>(但<span word="roofs">roofs</span>，<span word="serfs">serfs</span>，<span word="gulfs">gulfs</span>，<span word="proofs">proofs</span>，<span word="chiefs">chiefs</span>，<span word="beliefs">beliefs</span>除外) ②以<span word="o">o</span>结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加<span word="s">s</span>，但是下列名词要加<span word="es">es</span>，它们是：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿，即：<span word="negroes">negroes</span>，<span word="heroes">heroes</span>，<span word="potatoes">potatoes</span>，<span word="tomatoes">tomatoes</span>。 ③合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的中心词变为复数，如果没有中心词，则将最后一个词变为复数。如：<span word="sons">sons</span><span word="in">in</span><span word="law">law</span>女婿，<span word="passers">passers</span><span word="by">by</span>过路人，<span word="story">story</span><span word="tellers">tellers</span>讲故事的人，<span word="breakfasts">breakfasts</span>早餐，<span word="housewives">housewives</span>家庭主妇。 (2)有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。如： <span word="papers">papers</span>文件，试卷，报纸，论文；<span word="goods">goods</span>货物，商品；<span word="ashes">ashes</span>骨灰，遗骸；<span word="glasses">glasses</span>眼镜；<span word="sands">sands</span>沙滩；<span word="woods">woods</span>树林；<span word="greens">greens</span>青菜；<span word="times">times</span>时代；<span word="drinks">drinks</span>饮料；<span word="arms">arms</span>武器；<span word="looks">looks</span>外表；<span word="manners">manners</span>礼貌；<span word="damages">damages</span>赔偿金；<span word="lines">lines</span>台词；<span word="works">works</span>工厂，著作，工事；<span word="brains">brains</span>头脑；<span word="customs">customs</span>海关，关税；<span word="irons">irons</span>镣铐；<span word="regards">regards</span>问候；<span word="pains">pains</span>努力；<span word="conditions">conditions</span>条件；<span word="airs">airs</span>傲气；<span word="contents">contents</span>目录；<span word="spirits">spirits</span>酒精；<span word="waters">waters</span>水域；<span word="expectations">expectations</span>前程。 (3)有些名词单复数同形，如：<span word="Chinese">Chinese</span>中国人，<span word="Japanese">Japanese</span>日本人，<span word="sheep">sheep</span>绵羊，<span word="deer">deer</span>鹿，<span word="series">series</span>系列，<span word="means">means</span>方式，<span word="works">works</span>工厂，<span word="fish">fish</span>鱼，<span word="crossroad">crossroad</span>十字路口，<span word="horsepower">horsepower</span>马力。其中<span word="fish">fish</span>，<span word="fruit">fruit</span>表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即<span word="fishes">fishes</span>，<span word="fruits">fruits</span>。 三、名词的格 1．在名词词尾加'<span word="s">s</span>——主要表示有生命的事物或自然界独一无二的某些空间或时间名词的所有格。在此类名词的复数形式中，以下情况应特别注意： ①复合名词所有格在复合名词词尾加'<span word="s">s</span>。例如：<span word="her">her</span> <span word="son">son</span><span word="in">in</span><span word="law">law</span>'<span word="s">s</span></p>
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