高考英语一轮复习精品课件《Module 3 Foreign Food》（外研版版选修8）
<p> 知识要点 要点四</p><p> 语法 1.复习定语 修饰名词或者代词的词、短语或者从句称为定语。形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式(短语)、动名词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语以及从句等都可用来作定语。 (1)形容词 当几个形容词同时出现在名词短语之前，要注意其次序。其形容词遵循的词序为：限观形龄色国材用，具体意指：限定词(一般指数量)；外观(美丽等)；形状(大小，高矮，胖瘦)；年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。 例句：<span word="A">A</span> <span word="bright">bright</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="shines">shines</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span>. 光明的未来展现在我面前 。 知识要点 (2)分词（短语） 例句：<span word="China">China</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="developing">developing</span> <span word="country">country</span>;<span word="America">America</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="country">country</span>. 中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。 <span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="shaking">shaking</span> <span word="hands">hands</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>? 和我们老师握手的那个人是谁？ 知识要点 (3)名词 例句：<span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wall">wall</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="week">week</span>.他们打算下周出墙报。 <span word="woman">woman</span>，<span word="man">man</span>作定语时，当所修饰词为单数时，它们用单数；当所修饰词为复数时，它们用复数，但<span word="boy">boy</span>，<span word="girl">girl</span>一律用单数。名词作定语时，一般用单数，但某些常用复数的词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数。如<span word="arms">arms</span> <span word="production">production</span>武器生产；<span word="clothes">clothes</span> <span word="shop">shop</span>服装商店。 知识要点 (4)代词 例句：<span word="His">His</span> <span word="rapid">rapid</span> <span word="progress">progress</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="surprised">surprised</span>. 他在英语方面的快速进步使我们很吃惊。 (5)数词(表示数量) 例句：<span word="More">More</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="thirty">thirty</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span>. 我们班上30多个学生读过这本书。 (6)名词所有格 例句：<span word="You">You</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="follow">follow</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="advice">advice</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span>. 你应该听从医生的建议，多运动。 知识要点 (7)不定式 例句：<span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="monitor">monitor</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="enter">enter</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span>.我们的班长总是第一个进教室。 (8)动名词 例句：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="walks">walks</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="stick">stick</span>. 他在手杖的帮助下行走。 (9)介词短语 例句：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="article">article</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="English">English</span>. 他正在读一篇有关如何学习英语的文章。 知识要点 (10)副词（多位于被修饰词之后） 例句：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="below">below</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="friendly">friendly</span>. 楼下房间的那个人很友好。 (11)从句 例句：<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="worries">worries</span> <span word="him">him</span>. 没有什么事使他烦恼。 知识要点 【链接训练】 ①<span word="On">On</span> <span word="Feb">Feb</span>.15，2006，<span word="Wang">Wang</span> <span word="Meng">Meng</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="third">third</span> ________ <span word="for">for</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="Yang">Yang</span> <span word="Yang">Yang</span> <span word="embraced">embraced</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> 2002 <span word="Salt">Salt</span> <span word="Lake">Lake</span> <span word="City">City</span> <span word="Games">Games</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="Winter">Winter</span> <span word="Olympic">Olympic</span> <span word="gold">gold</span> <span word="medal">medal</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="Winter">Winter</span> <span word="Olympic">Olympic</span> <span word="golden">golden</span> <span word="medal">medal</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="Winter">Winter</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="Olympic">Olympic</span> <span word="gold">gold</span> <span word="medal">medal</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="Winter">Winter</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="Olympic">Olympic</span> <span word="golden">golden</span> <span word="medal">medal</span> 【解析】考查多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时的排序，其顺序一般为：限定词+大小、形状+新旧、颜色+国家、材料+用途、类别+中心词，由此可知，答案为<span word="A">A</span>。 【答案】<span word="A">A</span> 知识要点 ②<span word="This">This</span> <span word="shop">shop</span> <span word="sells">sells</span> ________ <span word="clothing">clothing</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="child">child</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="woman">woman</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="children">children</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="women">women</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="children">children</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="children">children</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="women">women</span>’<span word="s">s</span> 【解析】名词所有格中，如果表示各自所有的物品，两个名词后都要加’<span word="s">s</span>。句意为：这个商店卖童装和女装。 【答案】<span word="D">D</span> 知识要点 ③________ <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="favourite">favourite</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="singer">singer</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="All">All</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="girls">girls</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="All">All</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="girls">girls</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="girls">girls</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="girls">girls</span> 【解析】考查定语的位置。<span word="all">all</span>应位于冠词<span word="the">the</span>的前面，故排除<span word="C">C</span>、<span word="D">D</span>；<span word="present">present</span>若在名词之前，意为“现在的”，故<span word="A">A</span>项不合句意；<span word="present">present</span>意为“出席的；在场的”，应置于名词之后，故选<span word="B">B</span>。 【答案】<span word="B">B</span> 知识要点 2.复习定语从句 (1)基本用法 ①关系代词：<span word="who">who</span>，<span word="whom">whom</span>，<span word="that">that</span>，<span word="which">which</span>，<span word="as">as</span>，<span word="whose">whose</span> 例句：<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="for">for</span>. 这就是你一直在找的人。（<span word="whom">whom</span>代替<span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span>在从句中作<span word="look">look</span> <span word="for">for</span>的宾语） <span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="who">who</span>/<span word="that">that</span> <span word="survived">survived</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="earthquake">earthquake</span>? 他就是那个在地震中幸存的孩子吗？（<span word="that">that</span>可以代替<span word="who">who</span>指人，但多用<span word="who">who</span>） ②关系副词：<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="where">where</span>，<span word="why">why</span> 例句：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="peaceful">peaceful</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="study">study</span>. 我找到了一个能学习的安静的地方。（<span word="where">where</span>=<span word="in">in</span>/<span word="at">at</span> <span word="which">which</span>） <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="absent">absent</span>. 这就是他为什么缺席的原因。（<span word="why">why</span>=<span word="for">for</span> <span word="which">which</span>） 注意：<span word="when">when</span>=<span word="on">on</span>/<span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span>;<span word="where">where</span>=<span word="on">on</span>/<span word="in">in</span>/<span word="at">at</span> <span word="which">which</span>;<span word="why">why</span>=<span word="for">for</span> <span word="which">which</span> 知识要点 (2)定语从句需要注意的几个问题 ①如果关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语，关系代词可以省略。但是如果关系代词是放在介词后面作宾语，则不能省略。<span word="whose">whose</span>不能省略。 例句：<span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="anything">anything</span>（<span word="that">that</span>）<span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="you">you</span>?（<span word="that">that</span>可省略）有什么我可以帮忙的吗？ <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="work">work</span>.（不可省略） 这就是跟我一起工作的女孩子。 ②如果关系代词前有介词，只能用<span word="which">which</span>/<span word="whom">whom</span>，不能用<span word="that">that</span>或<span word="who">who</span>。但如果介词位于后面，则可以。 例句：<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="discussion">discussion</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="years">years</span>.（不可用<span word="that">that</span>） 这就是这些年来我们一直在争论的问题。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bit">bit</span> <span word="strange">strange</span>.（不可用<span word="who">who</span>或<span word="that">that</span>） 与他一起工作的人觉得他有一点儿奇怪。 知识要点 ③如果先行词是<span word="all">all</span>，<span word="much">much</span>，<span word="little">little</span>，<span word="everything">everything</span>，<span word="anything">anything</span>，<span word="none">none</span>，<span word="everyone">everyone</span>，<span word="something">something</span>等不定代词时，一般用<span word="that">that</span>，不可用<span word="which">which</span>引导定语从句。 例句：<span word="Just">Just</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="him">him</span>. 告诉我所有你知道的关于他的事情。 ④先行词如果有形容词最高级或<span word="first">first</span>，<span word="last">last</span>，<span word="only">only</span>，<span word="very">very</span>，<span word="no">no</span>，<span word="any">any</span>等修饰时，一般用<span word="that">that</span>引导定语从句。 例句：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scene">scene</span>.他是唯一在现场的人。 <span word="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="visited">visited</span>. 杭州是我曾经旅游过的最美的城市。 知识要点 ⑤在非限制性定语从句中不能用<span word="that">that</span>，引导词也不能省略，且从句用逗号与主句隔开。 例句：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="morning">morning</span> <span word="walk">walk</span>，<span word="which">which</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="good">good</span>.他经常晨走，这对他的心脏有好处。 ⑥关系代词<span word="as">as</span>可引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句的意思，可在句首、句中或句末，常译为“正如……”。<span word="as">as</span>还可与<span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>，<span word="such">such</span>构成固定词组，引导限制性定语从句。 例句：<span word="More">More</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="troops">troops</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="sent">sent</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Middle">Middle</span> <span word="East">East</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="learnt">learnt</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span>. 我从报纸上读到，将有更多美国军队进驻中东。 <span word="As">As</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="all">all</span>，<span word="money">money</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="root">root</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="evils">evils</span>. 众所周知，金钱是万恶之源。 知识要点 【链接训练】 ①<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="unpleasant">unpleasant</span> <span word="subject">subject</span> _________ <span word="we">we</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="argue">argue</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="while">while</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="with">with</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="about">about</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="with">with</span> <span word="it">it</span> 【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。<span word="argue">argue</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.“为某事而争辩”。句意为：这是一个我们可能会争论好久的不愉快的话题。 【答案】<span word="C">C</span> 知识要点 ②—<span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> _________ <span word="you">you</span>’<span word="d">d</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="supper">supper</span>? —<span word="Well">Well</span>, ________ <span word="is">is</span> <span word="okay">okay</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="me">me</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="that">that</span>;<span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="which">which</span>;<span word="everything">everything</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="what">what</span>;<span word="whatever">whatever</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="where">where</span>;<span word="something">something</span> 【解析】句意为：——晚餐你有什么想吃的吗？——哦，什么都行。定语从句中先行词为<span word="anything">anything</span>,所以只能用<span word="that">that</span>来引导，故排除<span word="B">B</span>、<span word="C">C</span>、<span word="D">D</span>项。 【答案】<span word="A">A</span> 知识要点 ③<span word="However">However</span>,<span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="stations">stations</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="up">up</span> ________ <span word="mothers">mothers</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="donate">donate</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="extra">extra</span> <span word="milk">milk</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="women">women</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="babies">babies</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="where">where</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="which">which</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="what">what</span> 【解析】先行词是<span word="stations">stations</span>，<span word="set">set</span> <span word="up">up</span>是后置定语，从句中缺少地点状语，所以用<span word="where">where</span>引导表地点的定语从句。 【答案】<span word="A">A</span> 知识要点 ④<span word="Did">Did</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="pen">pen</span> ________ <span word="I">I</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>? <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="that">that</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="as">as</span> <span word="C">C</span>./ <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="which">which</span> 【解析】注意<span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>...<span word="as">as</span>与<span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>...<span word="that">that</span>的区别。<span word="as">as</span>引导的定语从句的内容与主句所指的事物“相似”，指同类事物；<span word="that">that</span>引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物是“同一物”。本句问的是“你是否买到了和我昨天丢的那支一样的钢笔？”，所以选<span word="B">B</span>。 【答案】<span word="B">B</span> 知识要点 ⑤<span word="Safety">Safety</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="concern">concern</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="frequent">frequent</span> <span word="reports">reports</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="accidents">accidents</span> ________ <span word="students">students</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="injured">injured</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="killed">killed</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="school">school</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="for">for</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="which">which</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="when">when</span> 【解析】考查定语从句。该句中的<span word="which">which</span>是引导词，引导定语从句修饰先行词<span word="accidents">accidents</span>。句意为“由于学生在学校受伤或死亡的不断报道，学校安全成为一个重要问题。 【答案】<span word="A">A</span> <span word="Thank">Thank</span> <span word="you">you</span> ! 选修8 <span word="Module">Module</span> 3</p>
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