高考英语一轮复习精品课件《Module 2 The Renaissance》（外研版版选修8）
<p> 知识要点 Ⅰ.作主语 1.能作主语的非谓语动词，只有动词不定式和动名词。 2.非谓语动词要注意以下几个问题： （1）形式主语的使用 不定式作主语常用<span word="it">it</span>作形式主语，动名词作主语一般不用<span word="it">it</span>作形式主语。但要注意下列系表结构中，动名词作主语可以用<span word="it">it</span>作形式主语。<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="good">good</span>/<span word="not">not</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="good">good</span>/<span word="no">no</span> <span word="use">use</span>/<span word="not">not</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="use">use</span>/<span word="a">a</span> <span word="waste">waste</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="time">time</span>...等。 例句：<span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="expecting">expecting</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span>. 期待他帮忙没有多大的好处。 知识要点 （2）不定式逻辑主语的表达（<span word="for">for</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>./<span word="of">of</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.） 当作表语的形容词是修饰不定式动作时，不定式的逻辑主语用<span word="for">for</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.；当形容词修饰逻辑主语（人）本身时，不定式的逻辑主语用<span word="of">of</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.。 注意：在下列情况中，只能用前者:①无生命。②太长或两个以上并列。③不定代词、指示代词或情景代词。④<span word="there">there</span> <span word="be">be</span>结构。 （3）动名词的逻辑主语，常用形容词性物主代词（人称代词宾格）/名词所有格+（<span word="not">not</span>）+<span word="v">v</span>.-<span word="ing">ing</span>，只要不在句首二者都可用。 例句：<span word="His">His</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> <span word="added">added</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="joy">joy</span>. 他的到来增加了我们的快乐。 知识要点 Ⅱ.作宾语 1.动名词作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语 某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语。常见的此类动词及短语在前面单元的语法中已具体讲到过，故不再讲述。 （2）作介词的宾语 例句：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="term">term</span>. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。 （3）作形容词的宾语 例句：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="music">music</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="worth">worth</span> <span word="listening">listening</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="once">once</span>.这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 知识要点 2.不定式作宾语 在及物动词后常跟不定式作宾语的单词在前面已具体讲过，故不再赘述。 注意：不定式作宾语时，有时用<span word="it">it</span>替换，<span word="it">it</span>为形式宾语，而将真正的宾语——不定式后置。 区别角度 不定式 动名词 动作的发生 待发生 已发生 动作发生的时间 谓语动作之后 谓语动作之前 动作所指 表特指 （特定动作） 表泛指 （普通事实） 所指的信息 新信息 已知信息 逻辑主语 句子的主语一致 未定 知识要点 注意：不定式和动名词在作主语、宾语、表语时都可以从这几个方面去区别。 动名词可以自由地作介词宾语，而不定式只能跟少数介词作宾语。如<span word="besides">besides</span>，<span word="but">but</span>，<span word="except">except</span>，<span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span>，<span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span>，<span word="save">save</span>（除……之外）等。其中<span word="besides">besides</span>，<span word="but">but</span>，<span word="except">except</span>，<span word="save">save</span>前如果有行为动词<span word="do">do</span>的形式，其后的不定式不带<span word="to">to</span>，否则要带<span word="to">to</span>。<span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span>，<span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span>后面的内容常和前面一致。但记住句型：<span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.<span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.。 注意：1.在这个问题上要注意作主语和宾语的非谓语动词动作之间的关系。如果主语和非谓语动词动作之间存在主动关系，就用不定式；如果是被动关系就用动名词（主动式）或不定式的被动式。这时主语往往是物不是人。 知识要点 2.如果主语和非谓语动词动作之间存在被动关系，但主语是人，这时常常用不定式的被动式而不用动名词的主动式。 例句：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="sent">sent</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="front">front</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="brother">brother</span>.他想和他哥哥一起去前线。 知识要点 Ⅲ.作表语 1.动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或<span word="what">what</span>引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 例句：<span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="cleaning">cleaning</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="windows">windows</span>. =<span word="Cleaning">Cleaning</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="windows">windows</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="task">task</span>. 你的任务就是擦窗户。 2.不定式作表语：不定式在系动词后面作表语。 例句：<span word="At">At</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="reports">reports</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span>. 在那时，他的工作就是给报纸写报道。 知识要点 Ⅳ.作定语 1.动名词（往往作前置定语），表示被修饰词的某种用途。 例句：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="sleeping">sleeping</span> <span word="pills">pills</span>. 医生叫我不要服安眠药。 2.不定式（往往构成短语作后置定语） （1）动宾关系（2）主谓关系（3）偏正关系 （4）<span word="there">there</span> <span word="be">be</span>结构 知识要点 例句：<span word="She">She</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="elected">elected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="post">post</span>. 她是第一个当选这个职务的女人。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="others">others</span>. 他不是能帮助人的人。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="chance">chance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span>. 我没机会看这部电影。 <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>.（强调人本身） 我没事可干。（<span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="free">free</span> <span word="now">now</span>.） <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span>.（强调事本身） 我没事可干。（<span word="Nothing">Nothing</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span>.<span word="I">I</span>’<span word="d">d</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="none">none</span>.） 知识要点 3.分词（单个的分词作定语常置于被修饰的名词之前，构成短语常置于被修饰的名词之后） 例句：<span word="What">What</span> <span word="disappointing">disappointing</span> <span word="news">news</span>! 多么令人失望的消息！ <span word="She">She</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>. 她买了一台中国产的电脑。 注意：<span word="there">there</span> <span word="be">be</span>句型中的不定式作定语用主动或被动都可以。 例句：<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="lose">lose</span>. =<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="lost">lost</span>. 时间很紧迫。 但是在下列句子中，不定式主动与被动形式意义不同： 知识要点 例句：—<span word="Have">Have</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="wash">wash</span>? 有东西要洗吗？ —<span word="No">No</span>，<span word="nothing">nothing</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="shopping">shopping</span>. 没有，我打算去买东西。 不定式动作的执行者是<span word="you">you</span>。 例句：—<span word="Have">Have</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="washed">washed</span>? 有东西要洗吗？ —<span word="No">No</span>，<span word="thank">thank</span> <span word="you">you</span>. 没有，谢谢你。 不定式动作的执行者不是<span word="you">you</span>，相当于省略了（...<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="washed">washed</span>）<span word="by">by</span> <span word="me">me</span>或<span word="by">by</span> <span word="someone">someone</span> <span word="else">else</span>。 知识要点 Ⅴ.作状语 不定式——目的、结果、原因、独立成分 例句：<span word="They">They</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span>/<span word="so">so</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="late">late</span>.为了不迟到他们起得很早。（目的） <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="happy">happy</span>/<span word="pleased">pleased</span>/<span word="surprised">surprised</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="you">you</span>. 见到你我很高兴/满意/吃惊。（原因） <span word="To">To</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="story">story</span> <span word="short">short</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="safe">safe</span>. 长话短说，他们平安地回来了。（独立成分） 分词——时间、原因、伴随、结果、方式、条件等 知识要点 例句：<span word="Hearing">Hearing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="jumped">jumped</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="joy">joy</span>. 听到这个消息，他们高兴得跳了起来。（时间） <span word="Tired">Tired</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trip">trip</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="fell">fell</span> <span word="asleep">asleep</span>. 由于旅途劳累，他很快就睡着了。（原因） <span word="She">She</span> <span word="sat">sat</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>，<span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span>. 她坐在桌子边读报纸。（伴随） <span word="Millions">Millions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="trees">trees</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="blown">blown</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="typhoon">typhoon</span>，<span word="blocking">blocking</span> <span word="roads">roads</span>，<span word="paths">paths</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="railways">railways</span>. 上百万棵树被台风刮倒，阻塞了道路、小径和铁路。（结果） 知识要点 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Arab">Arab</span> <span word="countries">countries</span>，<span word="people">people</span> <span word="eat">eat</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fingers">fingers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="hands">hands</span>. 在阿拉伯国家，人们用右手吃东西。（方式） <span word="Given">Given</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="attention">attention</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="trees">trees</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="grown">grown</span> <span word="better">better</span>. 如果这些树被给予更多的关注，就会长得更好了。（条件） 知识要点 Ⅵ.作补语 1.非谓语动词作宾补，表示反复性、经常性、一次性和未来意义，并且强调动作的全过程时，多用不定式。 例句：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="English">English</span>. 我请汤姆帮我学英语。 2.非谓语动词作宾补，强调动作正在进行之中时，多用现在分词。 例句：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="novel">novel</span>.我看见他在看小说。 3.非谓语动词作宾补，表示完成的动作、状态或表示被动意义的动作时，要用过去分词。 例句：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mirror">mirror</span> <span word="broken">broken</span>.我发现镜子碎了。 知识要点 Ⅶ.非谓语动词的否定形式 非谓语动词的否定形式，要切记是直接在非谓语动词的前面加<span word="not">not</span>。尤其要注意有逻辑主语的时候，很容易犯错误。如<span word="for">for</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.<span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.，<span word="his">his</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="coming">coming</span>等。 知识要点 【链接训练】 ①<span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="class">class</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="noise">noise</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="desks">desks</span> ________ <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="opened">opened</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="closed">closed</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="opened">opened</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="closed">closed</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="being">being</span> <span word="opened">opened</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="closed">closed</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="to">to</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="close">close</span> 【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词-<span word="ing">ing</span>形式作定语，名词 <span word="desk">desk</span> 和动词 <span word="open">open</span> 和 <span word="close">close</span> 之间为被动关系，动词-<span word="ing">ing</span>形式表示动作正在进行。<span word="A">A</span>项为过去分词，表示被动或完成；<span word="B">B</span>项为不定式的被动语态，此结构表示将要发生的动作；<span word="D">D</span>项为不定式主动形式，不表被动。动词-<span word="ing">ing</span>形式的被动语态表示正在进行的动作或与谓语动词同时发生的动作，可用来作定语，复合宾语或状语，根据题意，选<span word="C">C</span>。 【答案】<span word="C">C</span> 知识要点 ②<span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="imagine">imagine</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="trouble">trouble</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> _______ <span word="their">their</span> <span word="war">war</span>-<span word="struck">struck</span> <span word="country">country</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="rebuilding">rebuilding</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="rebuild">rebuild</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="to">to</span> <span word="rebuild">rebuild</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="rebuilt">rebuilt</span> 【解析】句意为：我几乎无法想象他们重建被战争蹂躏的国家将付出的巨大努力。<span word="they">they</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span>是定语从句，修饰先行词<span word="trouble">trouble</span>,构成<span word="take">take</span> <span word="trouble">trouble</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.意为“付出努力做某事”，而<span word="to">to</span> <span word="rebuild">rebuild</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="war">war</span>-<span word="struck">struck</span> <span word="country">country</span>是不定式作目的状语。 【答案】<span word="C">C</span> 知识要点 ③<span word="It">It</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> ________ <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="fit">fit</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="films">films</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="seeing">seeing</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> 【解析】句意为：汤姆是否适合在这部影片中出演角色还有待于观察。不定式的被动式表示将来，作<span word="remain">remain</span>后的表语。 【答案】<span word="C">C</span> 知识要点 ④_________ <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="months">months</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="repairing">repairing</span> <span word="shoes">shoes</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="To">To</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="Being">Being</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="Having">Having</span> 【解析】句子的主语<span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="man">man</span>与<span word="be">be</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="work">work</span>之间为主动关系，所以用-<span word="ing">ing</span>形式作状语；又根据<span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="months">months</span>可知，<span word="be">be</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="work">work</span>已持续了一段时间，故要用-<span word="ing">ing</span>形式的完成式作状语，选<span word="C">C</span>。 【答案】<span word="C">C</span> 知识要点 ⑤—<span word="What">What</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="Tim">Tim</span>? —<span word="Oh">Oh</span>.<span word="Tim">Tim</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="cell">cell</span> <span word="phone">phone</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="taxi">taxi</span> <span word="accidentally">accidentally</span>,<span word="never">never</span> ________ <span word="again">again</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="finding">finding</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="being">being</span> <span word="found">found</span> 【解析】考查不定式表结果。<span word="never">never</span>,<span word="only">only</span>加不定式，常常表示与主观愿望相差很远的结果，又<span word="cell">cell</span> <span word="phone">phone</span>与<span word="find">find</span>构成逻辑上的被动关系，故应用不定式的被动语态，选<span word="B">B</span>。 【答案】<span word="B">B</span> <span word="Thank">Thank</span> <span word="you">you</span> ! 选修8 <span word="Module">Module</span>2</p>
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