高考英语一轮复习精品课件《Module 5 Ethnic Culture》（外研版版选修7）
<p> 知识要点 要点四</p><p> 语法 1.过去分词作状语 (1)过去分词(<span word="v">v</span>.-<span word="ed">ed</span>）是分词的一种，它表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作，本身有被动的含义，所以只有一般式没有完成式，不及物动词的过去分词则只表示完成。过去分词与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且在句子中可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、方式等状语，分别相当于与之对应的状语从句，但过去分词作伴随方式状语时，则相当于并列复合句。 例句：<span word="Seriously">Seriously</span> <span word="injured">injured</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="hospital">hospital</span>. 由于伤得严重，只好把他送往医院。 知识要点 <span word="Given">Given</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="time">time</span>（=<span word="If">If</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="time">time</span>）,<span word="we">we</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="better">better</span>. 如果给我们的时间多一些，我们本来会做得更好。 <span word="An">An</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="entered">entered</span>,<span word="supported">supported</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="girl">girl</span>. 一位老人在一个女孩的搀扶下走了进来。 注意：过去分词表示在谓语动作之前发生的动作，本身就有被动含义，所以只有一般式没有完成式。故及物动词的<span word="having">having</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="done">done</span>就等于<span word="done">done</span>。 例句：<span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="praised">praised</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="works">works</span> <span word="harder">harder</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="before">before</span>. =<span word="Praised">Praised</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="works">works</span> <span word="harder">harder</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="before">before</span>. 得到老师表扬之后，他比之前更努力学习了。</p><p> 知识要点 (2)根据需要，动词-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式前面也可以加上<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="while">while</span>，<span word="until">until</span>，<span word="once">once</span>，<span word="though">though</span>，<span word="although">although</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="as">as</span>，<span word="so">so</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="as">as</span>，<span word="unless">unless</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="though">though</span>，<span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span>，<span word="even">even</span> <span word="though">though</span>等词。<span word="as">as</span>后不能跟动词-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式。在<span word="before">before</span>，<span word="after">after</span>，<span word="without">without</span>等词后必须用<span word="being">being</span> <span word="done">done</span>结构形式。 例句：<span word="Unless">Unless</span> <span word="invited">invited</span>，<span word="I">I</span> <span word="won">won</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="attend">attend</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="get">get</span>-<span word="together">together</span>. 除非受到邀请，否则我不会参加聚会。 <span word="Before">Before</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="called">called</span>，<span word="remain">remain</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span>. 叫你之前，待在原地别动。 注意：若过去分词作状语且它的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就要有自己的逻辑主语，这样就构成了独立主格结构。 例句：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="done">done</span>,<span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="tired">tired</span>. 当工作做完时，他们都非常疲劳。 知识要点 【链接训练】 ①________ <span word="rapidly">rapidly</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="body">body</span>，<span word="sugar">sugar</span> <span word="provides">provides</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="quick">quick</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="source">source</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="Digested">Digested</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="Digesting">Digesting</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="To">To</span> <span word="digest">digest</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="digested">digested</span> 【解析】句意为：糖提供的能量能被身体迅速消化。动词<span word="digest">digest</span>与主语<span word="sugar">sugar</span>存在动宾关系，故此题用过去分词作状语。 【答案】<span word="A">A</span> 知识要点 ②________ <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="speech">speech</span> <span word="contest">contest</span>，25 <span word="students">students</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Henan">Henan</span> <span word="Province">Province</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="sent">sent</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Australia">Australia</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="short">short</span> <span word="visit">visit</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="judged">judged</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="Judging">Judging</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="To">To</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="judged">judged</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="Judged">Judged</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> 【解析】<span word="judge">judge</span>与主语25 <span word="students">students</span>是被动关系，故用过去分词形式，意为“被认为是……”。 【答案】<span word="D">D</span> 知识要点 ③________ <span word="the">the</span> <span word="month">month</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="year">year</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bookshelf">bookshelf</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="Being">Being</span> <span word="marked">marked</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="Marked">Marked</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="Marking">Marking</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="marked">marked</span> 【解析】<span word="mark">mark</span>当“作记号于，标明”讲时，为及物动词，由于<span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span>与<span word="mark">mark</span>这个动作是被动关系，故用过去分词。 【答案】<span word="B">B</span> 知识要点 ④________ <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="foot">foot</span>,<span word="Liu">Liu</span> <span word="Xiang">Xiang</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="match">match</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Olympics">Olympics</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="Hurting">Hurting</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="Hurt">Hurt</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="To">To</span> <span word="hurt">hurt</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="To">To</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="hurt">hurt</span> 【解析】句意为：由于右脚受伤，刘翔不得不放弃奥运会上的比赛。<span word="hurt">hurt</span>和主句中的主语刘翔构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此这里要用过去分词，故选<span word="B">B</span>。 【答案】<span word="B">B</span> 知识要点 2.短语动词 (1)短语动词是由动词、介词、副词三者通过一定的结合而组成的，主要有如下几种： ①动词+副词 <span word="pick">pick</span> <span word="out">out</span>选出来;<span word="ring">ring</span> <span word="up">up</span>打电话;<span word="give">give</span> <span word="in">in</span>屈服 注意：这类短语动词可分为及物动词性质和不及物动词性质两类。具有及物动词性质的短语动词的宾语如果是名词，该名词可置于动词和副词之间或副词之后；如果是代词，这个代词就只能置于动词和副词之间。 知识要点 例句：<span word="They">They</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="difficulty">difficulty</span>.他们必须想方设法克服困难。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="temperature">temperature</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span>. 温度很快会升高。 <span word="Tigers">Tigers</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="die">die</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="allowed">allowed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="shoot">shoot</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="wished">wished</span>. 如果允许人们随意捕杀老虎，老虎就会灭绝。 ②动词+介词 <span word="agree">agree</span> <span word="with">with</span>同意……;<span word="adapt">adapt</span> <span word="to">to</span>适应……;<span word="depend">depend</span> <span word="on">on</span>依靠……;<span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="about">about</span>使发生……;<span word="look">look</span> <span word="after">after</span>照顾…… 注意：这类短语动词均为及物动词性质，其宾语不管是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词之后。 知识要点 例句：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="ran">ran</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="friend">friend</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="street">street</span>. 我在街上偶遇一个老朋友。 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="sick">sick</span> <span word="mother">mother</span>. 她不得不照看生病的妈妈。 ③动词+副词+介词 <span word="add">add</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span>总计为；<span word="break">break</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span>改掉，脱离掉；<span word="catch">catch</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="with">with</span>赶上；<span word="drop">drop</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="on">on</span>顺便来访；<span word="get">get</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="to">to</span>开始认真做 例句：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="there">there</span>. 他和那儿的人都相处得很好。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="children">children</span>. 你应该远离那些坏孩子。 <span word="Don">Don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="upon">upon</span> <span word="him">him</span>.别看不起他。 知识要点 ④动词+名词+介词 <span word="shake">shake</span> <span word="hands">hands</span> <span word="with">with</span>握手;<span word="set">set</span> <span word="fire">fire</span> <span word="to">to</span>纵火;<span word="take">take</span> <span word="aim">aim</span> <span word="at">at</span>瞄准;<span word="take">take</span> <span word="pride">pride</span> <span word="in">in</span>以……为自豪;<span word="get">get</span> <span word="rid">rid</span> <span word="of">of</span>摆脱掉 例句：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="caught">caught</span> <span word="sight">sight</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="now">now</span>. 刚才我看见她了。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="tired">tired</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="life">life</span>. 他厌烦了这种生活。 <span word="Don">Don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="innocent">innocent</span> <span word="persons">persons</span>. 别冤枉无辜的人们。 知识要点 【链接训练】 ①<span word="In">In</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="times">times</span>,<span word="people">people</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="to">to</span> _________ <span word="all">all</span> <span word="kinds">kinds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="pressure">pressure</span> <span word="although">although</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="leading">leading</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="comfortable">comfortable</span> <span word="life">life</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="with">with</span> 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意为：在现代，尽管人们过着舒适的生活，但他们不得不学会承受各种压力。<span word="live">live</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.“忍受，容忍（不愉快的事）”；<span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.“经历，体验（不愉快的事）”。<span word="A">A</span>、<span word="B">B</span>两项不是固定短语，它们的意思分别与<span word="keep">keep</span>，<span word="stay">stay</span>有关。故正确答案为<span word="D">D</span>。 【答案】<span word="D">D</span> 知识要点 ②<span word="With">With</span> <span word="proper">proper</span> <span word="measures">measures</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="to">to</span> ________ <span word="again">again</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="pick">pick</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="take">take</span> <span word="on">on</span> 【解析】考查动词短语。句意为：随着正确措施的实施，中国的经济开始好转。<span word="pick">pick</span> <span word="up">up</span>在此意为“好转、改善”。 【答案】<span word="C">C</span> 知识要点 ③<span word="After">After</span> <span word="studying">studying</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="college">college</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="years">years</span>,<span word="Jane">Jane</span> _________ <span word="her">her</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="countryside">countryside</span>. <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="set">set</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="took">took</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="took">took</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="set">set</span> <span word="up">up</span> 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。本句的意思是：在一所医学院学习了五年之后，简在农村开始行医。<span word="set">set</span> <span word="out">out</span> 后面常跟<span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.，意为“着手做某事”；此短语也可表示“动身，出发，安排，组织”之意；<span word="take">take</span> <span word="over">over</span>“接管，接替”；<span word="take">take</span> <span word="up">up</span>“从事，开始（做）”；<span word="set">set</span> <span word="up">up</span>“建立，创立”。根据句意可知答案为<span word="C">C</span>。 【答案】<span word="C">C</span> <span word="Thank">Thank</span> <span word="you">you</span> ! 选修7 <span word="Module">Module</span> 5</p>
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