高三英语备考总复习课件人教版：专项语法1-名词 80张
<p> 必 修 1</p><p> <span word="Units">Units</span> 1～2</p><p> 专项语法 词</p><p> 要点精析</p><p> 一、名词的数</p><p> 1．单数名词变为复数名词常考点：</p><p> (1)以<span word="o">o</span>结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加<span word="s">s</span>，但是下列名词要加<span word="es">es</span>，它们是：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿，即：<span word="Negroes">Negroes</span>, <span word="heroes">heroes</span>, <span word="potatoes">potatoes</span>, <span word="tomatoes">tomatoes</span>。</p><p> (2)以<span word="f">f</span>或<span word="fe">fe</span>结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加<span word="s">s</span>，但下列以<span word="f">f</span>或<span word="fe">fe</span>结尾的名词需把<span word="f">f</span>或<span word="fe">fe</span>去掉，变为<span word="ves">ves</span>，它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半，即：<span word="selves">selves</span>, <span word="lives">lives</span>, <span word="thieves">thieves</span>, <span word="wives">wives</span>, <span word="knives">knives</span>, <span word="loaves">loaves</span>, <span word="leaves">leaves</span>, <span word="shelves">shelves</span>, <span word="wolves">wolves</span>, <span word="halves">halves</span>。</p><p> (3)合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一个部分变为复数。如：<span word="sons">sons</span><span word="in">in</span><span word="law">law</span>女婿；<span word="passers">passers</span><span word="by">by</span>过路人；<span word="story">story</span><span word="tellers">tellers</span>讲故事的人；<span word="breakfasts">breakfasts</span>早餐；<span word="housewives">housewives</span>家庭主妇。</p><p> (4)不规则变化</p><p> ①单复数同形，如<span word="deer">deer</span>, <span word="sheep">sheep</span>, <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span>, <span word="means">means</span>等。</p><p> ②单数形式复数内容，如<span word="people">people</span>, <span word="police">police</span>, <span word="cattle">cattle</span>等。</p><p> ③改变元音的词，如<span word="woman">woman</span>→<span word="women">women</span>, <span word="tooth">tooth</span>→<span word="teeth">teeth</span>等。</p><p> ④变换词尾的词，如<span word="child">child</span>→<span word="children">children</span>, <span word="ox">ox</span>→<span word="oxen">oxen</span>。</p><p> 2．不可数名词</p>
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