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meili 发表于 2022-10-18 20:57:23

2017高考英语常见语法复习（12）

<p>　　句子的结构 英文语句按照结构分为三种:简单句,并列句,复合句. 简单句的五种基本句型 1.主谓: <span word="Nobody">Nobody</span> <span word="knows">knows</span>. 2.主谓宾: <span word="I">I</span> <span word="love">love</span> <span word="you">you</span>. 3.主谓双宾: <span word="He">He</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="story">story</span>. 4.主谓宾补:<span word="We">We</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="reading">reading</span>. 5.主系表:<span word="You">You</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="friend">friend</span>. 并列句:由两个或者两个以上的简单句连在一起 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="now">now</span>. 复合句:由一个主句同一个或者一个以上的从句构成,主句可以单独存在,分句不可以. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="passports">passports</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="upstairs">upstairs</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="watching">watching</span> <span word="TV">TV</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="brother">brother</span>. 复合句分为两种: 名词性从句:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，它们在复合句中的功用相当于名词，因此称为名词性从句，在句中分别作主语、表语、宾语以及同位语 形容词性从句:定语从句,在复合句中的作用相当于形容词,起修饰和说明的作用,因此称为形容词性从句. 副词性从句:状语从句,在复合句中的作用相当于副词,因而称为状语从句 一、名词性从句考点 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，它是高中英语学习的一个重点语法项目，也是历年来高考单项填空题频频考查的热点之一。通过对2005、2006、2007三年全国各地高考试题的分析,我们可以看出名词性从句考点主要有以下六个方面: 考点之一:考查名词性从句中<span word="that">that</span>与<span word="what">what</span>的区别 考例1：______ <span word="he">he</span> <span word="referred">referred</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="article">article</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="unknown">unknown</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="reader">reader</span>.（07年上海卷39题） <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="ThatB">ThatB</span>. <span word="WhatC">WhatC</span>. <span word="WhetherD">WhetherD</span>. <span word="Where">Where</span> 【解析】正确答案为<span word="B">B</span>。在名词性从句中<span word="that">that</span>与<span word="what">what</span>的区别是：<span word="that">that</span>在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用，除在宾语从句中外一般不可省略;而<span word="what">what</span>在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用,而且作句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语等，不仅可以表示具体明确的“…的话（东西、人）”，还可以表示“…的时间、…的地点、…的人、…的速度”等内容。此题考查主语从句，<span word="what">what</span>引导该主语从句，同时又作谓语动词<span word="refer">refer</span> <span word="to">to</span>的宾语。题意：对于他在文章中提到的那些东西，普通读者都不了解。 考点之二:考查名词性从句中的<span word="it">it</span>作形式主语或形式宾语 考例1：____ <span word="is">is</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="belief">belief</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="improvements">improvements</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="stronger">stronger</span>, <span word="more">more</span> <span word="prosperous">prosperous</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>.(06年浙江卷第4题) <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="AsB">AsB</span>. <span word="ThatC">ThatC</span>. <span word="ThisD">ThisD</span>. <span word="It">It</span> 【解析】正确答案为<span word="D">D</span>。在名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡,，往往用先行词<span word="it">it</span>作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面。此题考查<span word="that">that</span>引导的主语从句，用先行词<span word="it">it</span>充当形式主语代替主语从句，而把主语从句后置，此句可以改写为：<span word="That">That</span> <span word="improvements">improvements</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="stronger">stronger</span>, <span word="more">more</span> <span word="prosperous">prosperous</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="belief">belief</span>。 考例2：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="make">make</span> ____ <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="held">held</span>.（07年天津卷第1题） <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="this">this</span><span word="B">B</span>. <span word="that">that</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="it">it</span><span word="D">D</span>. <span word="these">these</span> 【解析】正确答案为<span word="C">C</span>。此题考查的是用先行词<span word="it">it</span>作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放到后面，而其他几个代词均不能作形式宾语，故正确答案为<span word="C">C</span>。 考点之三:考查名词性从句的语序 考例：<span word="These">These</span> <span word="shoes">shoes</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="good">good</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wonder">wonder</span> __________.（06年上海春招卷第30题） <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="how">how</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="how">how</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="how">how</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="costD">costD</span>. <span word="how">how</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> 【解析】正确答案为<span word="C">C</span>。在名词性从句中,疑问句要用陈述句语序。当连接词含疑问意义时,学生往往受汉语习惯影响错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。此题<span word="B">B</span>项是疑问句语序,<span word="A">A</span>、<span word="D">D</span>项语法错误，故只能选<span word="C">C</span>。题意:这些鞋子看起来挺好，我想知道他们卖多少钱。 考点之四:考查名词性从句中的<span word="whether">whether</span>,<span word="if">if</span>以及<span word="that">that</span>的区别 考例1: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="is">is</span> ______ <span word="we">we</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="is">is</span> “<span word="programmed">programmed</span>” <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="so">so</span>.（07年上海卷40题） <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="whenB">whenB</span>. <span word="whyC">whyC</span>. <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="that">that</span> 【解析】<span word="whether">whether</span>, <span word="if">if</span>以及<span word="that">that</span>引导的名词性从句的区别是:当“是否”讲时，<span word="whether">whether</span>与<span word="if">if</span>引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义；而<span word="that">that</span>引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义。根据题意可知:传统的观点认为我们睡眠是由于大脑收到睡眠指令所致，显然表达的是一个肯定的事实，故此题正确答案为<span word="D">D</span>。 考例2: <span word="We">We</span> <span word="haven">haven</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="settled">settled</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="of">of</span> ______________ <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span>. （06年江苏卷第35题） <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="if">if</span>   <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="whereC">whereC</span>. <span word="whetherD">whetherD</span>. <span word="that">that</span> 【解析】<span word="whether">whether</span>与<span word="if">if</span>当“是否”讲时，在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟<span word="or">or</span> <span word="not">not</span>时通常只能用<span word="whether">whether</span>,而不能用<span word="if">if</span>。根据题意可知:我们还没有解决他是否有必要出国学习的问题，故正确答案为<span word="C">C</span>。 考点之五:考查名词性从句中的<span word="who">who</span>与<span word="whoever">whoever</span>，<span word="what">what</span>与<span word="whatever">whatever</span>引导名词性从句时的区别 考例1:<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="unwise">unwise</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="child">child</span> ________ <span word="he">he</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="wants">wants</span>.（07年宁夏卷例题） <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="however">however</span><span word="B">B</span>. <span word="whatever">whatever</span><span word="C">C</span>. <span word="whicheverD">whicheverD</span>. <span word="whenever">whenever</span> 【解析】本题句意为:一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的。<span word="whatever">whatever</span>引导宾语从句,相当于<span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="that">that</span>；<span word="A">A</span>项<span word="however">however</span> 和<span word="D">D</span>项<span word="whenever">whenever</span>是不能作宾语的；而<span word="C">C</span>项<span word="whichever">whichever</span>表示“无论哪一个、无论哪些”,表示在一定范围内的人或事物,此处并不涉及“一定范围内的人或事物”,所以也不能选，故正确答案为<span word="B">B</span>。 考例2: <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="shop">shop</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="offers">offers</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="services">services</span>.（06年辽宁卷第30题） <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="WhatB">WhatB</span>. <span word="WhoC">WhoC</span>. <span word="WhateverD">WhateverD</span>. <span word="Whoever">Whoever</span> 【解析】本题考查名词性从句中连接代词的用法。<span word="what">what</span>引导主语从句，又作句子作主语，句意为：使这家商店与众不同的地方是它提供更多的人性化服务。连接词不是指人，故不能用<span word="who">who</span>，<span word="whoever">whoever</span>；<span word="whoever">whoever</span>引导名词性从句时相当于<span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="who">who</span>/<span word="those">those</span> <span word="who">who</span>。同时,本题没有“无论什么”的含义，故排除<span word="whatever">whatever</span>；<span word="whatever">whatever</span>引导名词性从句时相当于<span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="that">that</span>。 考点之六:考查名词性从句中的同位语从句和定语从句的区别 考例: <span word="Doris">Doris</span>’<span word="success">success</span> <span word="lies">lies</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> _________ <span word="she">she</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="co">co</span>-<span word="operative">operative</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="eager">eager</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="others">others</span>.（06年上海春招卷第33题） <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="whichB">whichB</span>. <span word="that">that</span><span word="C">C</span>. <span word="when">when</span>   <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="why">why</span> 【解析】本题正确答案为<span word="B">B</span>。<span word="that">that</span>既可以引导同位语从句，也可以引导定语从句，其区别为：同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，通常用在<span word="idea">idea</span>，<span word="news">news</span>，<span word="fact">fact</span>，<span word="promise">promise</span>，<span word="suggestion">suggestion</span>，<span word="belief">belief</span>，<span word="truth">truth</span>等名词的后面，即说明该名词所表示的具体内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况；引导同位语从句的<span word="that">that</span>是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的<span word="that">that</span>是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。以后在处理“先行名词+<span word="that">that</span>从句”这类题目时，可先去掉先行名词，如果句意完整，应属同位语从句；如果句意不完整，则属定语从句。 二、形容词性从句考点 考点之一，非限定性定语从句。非限定性定语从句是出现频率最高的考点. 1）引导非限定性定语从句时，只能用 <span word="which">which</span>（不用<span word="that">that</span>）。 2）除<span word="which">which</span>外，还可用<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="where">where</span> ， <span word="who">who</span>（<span word="m">m</span>）等关系代、副词引导非限定性定语从句。 3）在限定性定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略，但引导非限定性定语从句的连词不能省。 4）置于句首时，非限定性定语从句只能用<span word="as">as</span>引导，而置于句末时<span word="as">as</span>和<span word="which">which</span>都可用。 ______ <span word="I">I</span> <span word="explained">explained</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="phone">phone</span>, <span word="your">your</span> <span word="request">request</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span>. (2005浙江) <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="When">When</span><span word="B">B</span>. <span word="After">After</span><span word="C">C</span>. <span word="As">As</span>   <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="Since">Since</span> 考点之二，先行词是表地点或时间的名词时，引导词的选择。 表地点或时间的先行词在从句中作状语时用<span word="where">where</span>, <span word="when">when</span> ；当表地点或时间的先行词在从句中作主、宾、表语时，则要用<span word="that">that</span>或<span word="which">which</span>引导定语从句。例如： <span word="I">I</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="forget">forget</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="years">years</span> ____ <span word="I">I</span> <span word="lived">lived</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="countryside">countryside</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="farmers">farmers</span> ，____<span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="life">life</span> ．（上海高考题94） <span word="A">A</span>．<span word="that">that</span>；<span word="which">which</span><span word="B">B</span>．<span word="when">when</span>；<span word="which">which</span> <span word="C">C</span>．<span word="which">which</span>；<span word="that">that</span> <span word="D">D</span>．<span word="when">when</span>；<span word="who">who</span> 考点之三、定语从句中的主谓一致问题。试比较： <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Oscar">Oscar</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="prizes">prizes</span>____ <span word="offered">offered</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="actor">actor</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="actress">actress</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="far">far</span>． <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Oscar">Oscar</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="prizes">prizes</span> ____ <span word="offered">offered</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="actor">actor</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="actress">actress</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="far">far</span>． <span word="A">A</span>．<span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="B">B</span>．<span word="that">that</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="C">C</span>．<span word="that">that</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="D">D</span>．<span word="that">that</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="been">been</span> 答案分别是<span word="D">D</span>和<span word="B">B</span>。前一例的先行词是 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="one">one</span>，且指代它的引导词在从句中作主语，故从句的谓语动词必须用单数；又因先行词<span word="one">one</span>被<span word="only">only</span>修饰，所以只能用<span word="that">that</span>引导。当<span word="one">one</span>没有被<span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span>或<span word="the">the</span> <span word="very">very</span>等修饰时，则介词<span word="of">of</span>后面的<span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="prize">prize</span> <span word="s">s</span>是先行词，从句中的谓语动词就必须用复数，而且引导词既可用<span word="that">that</span>也可用<span word="which">which</span>（第二例）。总之，当引导词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式应该与该主语保持一致。 考点之四、<span word="which">which</span> 和<span word="that">that</span> 的区别 <span word="that">that</span> 和<span word="which">which</span>在一般情况都可以用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。但在下列情况下一般只用<span word="that">that</span>而不用<span word="which">which</span> : -- 先行词本身是<span word="all">all</span> , <span word="everything">everything</span> , <span word="something">something</span> , <span word="nothing">nothing</span> , <span word="anything">anything</span>等不定代词时 <span word="There">There</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="happened">happened</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="you">you</span>. -- 先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或<span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span>等作定语时 <span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="leads">leads</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="success">success</span> . --先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fourth">fourth</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="school">school</span> --先行词被<span word="the">the</span> <span word="very">very</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="just">just</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>等修饰时 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="for">for</span>. --先行词既包含人又包含物时 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="disappeared">disappeared</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="found">found</span>. --先行词是疑问代词<span word="who">who</span>，<span word="which">which</span>，<span word="what">what</span>或主句以这些词开头时 <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="star">star</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="nearer">nearer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="earth">earth</span>？ --先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语 <span word="That">That</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span>. <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>. --先行词为<span word="time">time</span>时，当<span word="time">time</span>表示次数，引导词用<span word="that">that</span>, 可省略。 当表示时间，可用<span word="that">that</span>或<span word="when">when</span>引导，都可省略 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="time">time</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="I">I</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="her">her</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="exact">exact</span> <span word="time">time</span> （<span word="when">when</span>/<span word="that">that</span>） <span word="I">I</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span> 三、副词性从句 状语从句种类常靠引导词 时间状语从句<span word="When">When</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="till">till</span>/<span word="until">until</span> <span word="since">since</span> 地点状语从句<span word="Where">Where</span> 原因状语从句<span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="for">for</span> 目的状语从句<span word="So">So</span> <span word="that">that</span><span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="that">that</span><span word="lest">lest</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="case">case</span> 方式状语从句<span word="As">As</span><span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>/<span word="thought">thought</span> 结果状语从句<span word="So">So</span>/<span word="such">such</span>…<span word="that">that</span>…., <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> 条件状语从句<span word="If">If</span> <span word="unless">unless</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="as">as</span> 让步状语从句<span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="though">though</span> <span word="as">as</span> 考点一：状语从句的连词 这是状语从句最常见的考查形式，命题意图是检测考生对逻辑关联词的实际运用能力。近年来考查的热点聚焦于： 1). 引导时间状语从句的<span word="when">when</span>, <span word="while">while</span>, <span word="as">as</span>, <span word="before">before</span>, <span word="until">until</span>, <span word="since">since</span> ；.引导条件状语从句的<span word="unless">unless</span>, <span word="once">once</span> ；引导地点状语从句的<span word="where">where</span>以及引导目的 (或结果) 状语从句的<span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span>等这些普通连词。 --- <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span>? --- <span word="He">He</span> <span word="rushed">rushed</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span> _____<span word="I">I</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="word">word</span> . （06 四川） <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="before">before</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="until">until</span><span word="C">C</span>. <span word="when">when</span><span word="D">D</span>. <span word="after">after</span> 简析： <span word="before">before</span>表明主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词之间的先后关系，有“在……以前”, “没来得及……就……”，“不等……就……”的意思 (如句) ；句考查的是句型<span word="It">It</span> + <span word="be">be</span> + 时间段 + <span word="before">before</span>...(过了/要过若干时间某人才做某事)。 2). 引导时间状语从句的<span word="the">the</span> <span word="moment">moment</span>, <span word="immediately">immediately</span>；引导条件状语从句的<span word="in">in</span> <span word="case">case</span>；引导原因状语从句的<span word="now">now</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) 和引导让步状语从句的 <span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span>，<span word="even">even</span> <span word="though">though</span>等这些特殊连词。例如： <span word="There">There</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Kate">Kate</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="lonely">lonely</span> , ______ <span word="she">she</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="child">child</span> .(05辽宁) <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="now">now</span> <span word="that">that</span><span word="C">C</span>. <span word="even">even</span> <span word="though">though</span>   <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="even">even</span> <span word="as">as</span> 简析：<span word="even">even</span> <span word="though">though</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="child">child</span> （尽管她是独生子女）是让步状语从句。 考点二：状语从句的时态 主要考查 1). 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的时间。 --- <span word="What">What</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="it">it</span> ______ <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>? --- <span word="We">We</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="carry">carry</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="on">on</span> , <span word="since">since</span> <span word="we">we</span>’<span word="ve">ve</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="everything">everything</span> <span word="ready">ready</span> .( 05全国卷 ) <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="rain">rain</span>   <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="rains">rains</span>   <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="will">will</span> <span word="rain">rain</span>   <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="is">is</span> <span word="raining">raining</span> 2).<span word="when">when</span> , <span word="before">before</span> , <span word="after">after</span>引导的从句的动作与主句动作的先后关系。例如： <span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="man">man</span> _____ <span word="to">to</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="house">house</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sun">sun</span> ______ <span word="itself">itself</span> <span word="behind">behind</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mountain">mountain</span>. <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="started">started</span>; <span word="had">had</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="hidden">hidden</span><span word="B">B</span>. <span word="had">had</span> <span word="started">started</span>; <span word="had">had</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="hidden">hidden</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="had">had</span> <span word="started">started</span>; <span word="was">was</span> <span word="hiding">hiding</span>   <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="was">was</span> <span word="starting">starting</span>; <span word="hid">hid</span> 简析：若主从句的动作先后发生在过去，通常先发生的用过去完成时。<span word="before">before</span> , <span word="after">after</span>本身已能表达动作的先后关系，所以主从句的动作都可用一般过去时。 考点三：状语从句的成分省略 主要考查在时间、条件、原因、让步、方式等状语从句中的成分省略问题或根据省略情况解决问题的能力。例如： .   <span word="The">The</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="once">once</span> ______ <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="it">it</span> . ( 2002全国 )   <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="begins">begins</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="having">having</span> <span word="begun">begun</span><span word="C">C</span>. <span word="beginning">beginning</span><span word="D">D</span>. <span word="begun">begun</span> .   <span word="While">While</span> <span word="watching">watching</span> <span word="television">television</span> , ______ . (05 全国卷) <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="the">the</span> <span word="doorbell">doorbell</span> <span word="rang">rang</span><span word="B">B</span>. <span word="the">the</span> <span word="doorbell">doorbell</span> <span word="rings">rings</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="we">we</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="doorbell">doorbell</span> <span word="ring">ring</span>   <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="we">we</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="doorbell">doorbell</span> <span word="rings">rings</span> 简析：句中<span word="once">once</span> <span word="begun">begun</span>实际上就是<span word="once">once</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="begun">begun</span>的省略形式。解答句时要考虑到状语从句成分省略的前提条件，那就是：主从句主语相同，且从句中含有<span word="be">be</span>动词，因此我们可从<span word="watching">watching</span> <span word="television">television</span>判断出主从句的主语都应是<span word="we">we</span> ，再由<span word="rings">rings</span>的形式错误排除<span word="D">D</span> 。 考点四：状语从句或主句的语序 一般情况下，引导状语从句的连词应放在从句之首，其后用陈述句语序。但要注意以下几种倒装情况： 1. “<span word="only">only</span> + 状语从句”位于句首，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变。 例如：<span word="Only">Only</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="over">over</span> ______ <span word="to">to</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="hometown">hometown</span> . ( 01 上海春季 ) <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="did">did</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="soldier">soldier</span> <span word="return">return</span>   <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="the">the</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="soldier">soldier</span> <span word="returned">returned</span>. <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="returned">returned</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="soldierD">soldierD</span>. <span word="the">the</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="soldier">soldier</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="return">return</span> 2. <span word="not">not</span> <span word="until">until</span> 从句被提到句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变。 例如：<span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fish">fish</span> <span word="died">died</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="river">river</span> ______ <span word="how">how</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="was">was</span> . ( <span word="NMET">NMET</span>95 ) <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="did">did</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="villagers">villagers</span> <span word="realize">realize</span><span word="B">B</span>. <span word="the">the</span> <span word="villagers">villagers</span> <span word="realized">realized</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="the">the</span> <span word="villagers">villagers</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="realize">realize</span><span word="D">D</span>. <span word="didn">didn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="villagers">villagers</span> <span word="realize">realize</span> 3.表示“一……就……”的两个常见结构 “<span word="no">no</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span> ．．．<span word="than">than</span>...”和“<span word="hardly">hardly</span>...<span word="when">when</span>...”，当<span word="no">no</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span>和“<span word="hardly">hardly</span>位于句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，且用过去完成时态。 例如：--- <span word="Did">Did</span> <span word="Linda">Linda</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="traffic">traffic</span> <span word="accident">accident</span> ? （06 天津） --- <span word="No">No</span> , <span word="no">no</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span> ______ <span word="than">than</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="happened">happened</span> . <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="had">had</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="she">she</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="has">has</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="she">she</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> 4. <span word="so">so</span> /<span word="such">such</span>...<span word="that">that</span> （如此……以致……）结构中，<span word="so">so</span> 或<span word="such">such</span>位于句首加强语气时，主句用部　分倒装语序。 例如：<span word="So">So</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> _____ <span word="it">it</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="advice">advice</span> .（06 广东）<span word="A">A</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="did">did</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="findC">findC</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="foundD">foundD</span>. <span word="have">have</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="found">found</span> 简析：该句的正常语序是<span word="I">I</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="advice">advice</span> . 5. <span word="as">as</span>引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。被提前的部分可以是从句的表语、状语或动词原形。若被前置的表语是单数名词时，须省略冠词。例如： .   ______ , <span word="Carolina">Carolina</span> <span word="couldn">couldn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="door">door</span> <span word="open">open</span> . ( 05 广东 ) <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="Try">Try</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="mightB">mightB</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="try">try</span><span word="C">C</span>. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="try">try</span>   <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="Might">Might</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="try">try</span> .   ______ , <span word="he">he</span> <span word="talks">talks</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="favorite">favorite</span> <span word="singers">singers</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="class">class</span> . (05 重庆 ) <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="quiet">quiet</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span><span word="B">B</span>. <span word="Quiet">Quiet</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="Be">Be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="quiet">quiet</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="may">may</span><span word="D">D</span>. <span word="Quite">Quite</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="student">student</span> 6. 应注意“<span word="The">The</span> + 比较级 + 主语 + 谓语动词, <span word="the">the</span> + 比较级+ 主语 + 谓语动词”这一句型结构中的词序。 例如： <span word="As">As</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="concerned">concerned</span>, <span word="education">education</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="learn">learn</span>, ______ . <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="equipped">equipped</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="equipped">equipped</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="equipped">equipped</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="equipped">equipped</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="life">life</span> 简析：这一句型结构中的前半部分相当于一个条件状语从句。...<span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="learn">learn</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="equipped">equipped</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> .相当于...<span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="more">more</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="equipped">equipped</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="life">life</span>. 句意是： “就我而论，教育说的就是学习，学得越多，为未来的人生准备得就越</p>

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