2017高考英语常见语法复习（6）
<p> 一、时态概述 时态 一般进行： <span word="be">be</span>+<span word="Ving">Ving</span>完成 <span word="Have">Have</span>/<span word="has">has</span>+<span word="Ved">Ved</span> 现在一般现在时<span word="work">work</span>(<span word="works">works</span>)现在进行时 <span word="am">am</span>,<span word="is">is</span>,<span word="are">are</span>+<span word="working">working</span>现在完成时 <span word="have">have</span>,<span word="has">has</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> 过去一般过去时<span word="worked">worked</span>过去进行时 <span word="was">was</span>,<span word="were">were</span>+<span word="working">working</span>过去完成时 <span word="had">had</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> 将来一般将来时<span word="will">will</span>(<span word="shall">shall</span>)<span word="work">work</span>将来进行时 <span word="will">will</span>(<span word="shall">shall</span>)+<span word="be">be</span>+<span word="working">working</span>将来完成时 <span word="Will">Will</span>(<span word="shall">shall</span>) <span word="have">have</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> 过去 将来过去将来时<span word="would">would</span>(<span word="should">should</span>)<span word="work">work</span> 例题： 1）<span word="Months">Months</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="sailed">sailed</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="thousand">thousand</span> <span word="miles">miles</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="sea">sea</span>, <span word="which">which</span> ____<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Pacific">Pacific</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="storms">storms</span>.(2005辽宁) <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="was">was</span> <span word="calledB">calledB</span>. <span word="is">is</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="calledD">calledD</span>. <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="called">called</span> 2)—<span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="job">job</span> ____<span word="open">open</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="return">return</span>. —<span word="Thanks">Thanks</span> .(2006北京) <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="kept">kept</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="will">will</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="had">had</span> <span word="kept">kept</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="kept">kept</span> 3)<span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="prize">prize</span> ,<span word="my">my</span> <span word="telephone">telephone</span> <span word="hasn">hasn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="stopped">stopped</span> <span word="ringing">ringing</span> .<span word="People">People</span> ____<span word="to">to</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="spend">spend</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="money">money</span>.(2005湖南) <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="phone">phone</span><span word="B">B</span>. <span word="will">will</span> <span word="phone">phone</span><span word="C">C</span>. <span word="were">were</span> <span word="phoning">phoning</span><span word="D">D</span>. <span word="are">are</span> <span word="phoning">phoning</span> 4)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> _____<span word="greatly">greatly</span> <span word="since">since</span> 1992。(2005山东) <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="change">change</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="has">has</span> <span word="changed">changed</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="changing">changing</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="have">have</span> <span word="changed">changed</span> 5)<span word="John">John</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="friend">friend</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mine">mine</span> ,<span word="who">who</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="married">married</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="week">week</span> , <span word="spent">spent</span> $3,000 <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="he">he</span> ____<span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wedding">wedding</span> .(2006) <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="will">will</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="has">has</span> <span word="planned">planned</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="would">would</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="had">had</span> <span word="planned">planned</span> 二、时态综述及特殊用法 一）常用一般现在时的情况： 1.以<span word="Here">Here</span>或<span word="There">There</span>开头的句子，说明正在发生的动作，谓语动词不用现在进行时，而用一般现在时。如： <span word="Here">Here</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bus">bus</span>! <span word="There">There</span> <span word="goes">goes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bell">bell</span>! 2.既定的时间如生日、日历、课时安排、交通时刻表等，通常用一般现在时表示将来动作。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="starts">starts</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="o">o</span>'<span word="clock">clock</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="leaves">leaves</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span>. 3.在<span word="see">see</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="it">it</span>，<span word="make">make</span> <span word="sure">sure</span>，<span word="make">make</span> <span word="certain">certain</span>，<span word="be">be</span> <span word="sure">sure</span>，<span word="look">look</span> <span word="out">out</span>，<span word="take">take</span> <span word="care">care</span>等之后的从句要用一般现在（过去、现在完成）时代替一般将来（过去将来、将来完成）时。如： <span word="You">You</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="door">door</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="closed">closed</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lab">lab</span>. <span word="See">See</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="everything">everything</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="OK">OK</span>. 4.在宾语从句中，表示客观事实或真理，一律用一般现在时。如： <span word="The">The</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="taught">taught</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="moon">moon</span> <span word="circles">circles</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="earth">earth</span>. <span word="Somebody">Somebody</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="writer">writer</span>. 5.在由<span word="as">as</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="as">as</span>，<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="before">before</span>，<span word="after">after</span>，<span word="till">till</span>等引导的时间状语从句和由<span word="if">if</span>，<span word="unless">unless</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="as">as</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="case">case</span>等引导的条件状语从句或在方式、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时，但主句用一般将来时。如： <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span>，<span word="We">We</span>'<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="him">him</span>，<span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="place">place</span>. 二）常用一般过去时的情况： 1.表示说话人始料未及的事情，用一般过去时。如： <span word="Oh">Oh</span>! <span word="I">I</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span>. <span word="How">How</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="there">there</span>? 2.在<span word="wish">wish</span>，<span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span>的宾语从句中和在<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>引导的状语从句中，以及在<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="that">that</span>…的定语从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时说明现在的事情。如： <span word="It">It</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="holiday">holiday</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="young">young</span>. 3.用表示意愿及精神状态的动词，反映的是说话者探询的态度时，动词用一般过去时表示一般现在时，显得更加有礼貌。如： <span word="I">I</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="here">here</span>.（我不知道你在这里，<span word="were">were</span>实际上指现在） <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wondered">wondered</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="me">me</span>. 4.在含有<span word="hardly">hardly</span>/<span word="scarcely">scarcely</span>…<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="no">no</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span>…<span word="than">than</span>结构的句子中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。（注意：主句一般倒装）如： <span word="Hardly">Hardly</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="entered">entered</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span>，<span word="when">when</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="loud">loud</span> <span word="noise">noise</span>. <span word="No">No</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="reached">reached</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="door">door</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="back">back</span>. 三）常用现在进行时的情况： 1.若句中带有<span word="always">always</span>，<span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span>，<span word="forever">forever</span>，<span word="constantly">constantly</span>等词或短语，用进行时表示一个频繁发生的动作，表示说话人赞赏或厌恶等感情。如： <span word="You">You</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="forgetting">forgetting</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="things">things</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="constantly">constantly</span> <span word="leaving">leaving</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="behind">behind</span>. 2.某些词，如<span word="come">come</span>，<span word="go">go</span>，<span word="leave">leave</span>，<span word="arrive">arrive</span>，<span word="start">start</span>等可用现在进行时表示将来。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="leaving">leaving</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="visitors">visitors</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="arriving">arriving</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="minutes">minutes</span>. 四）常用过去进行时的情况： 1.表示故事发生的背景。如： <span word="One">One</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="Jones">Jones</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="along">along</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="street">street</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="snowing">snowing</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="front">front</span>. 2.与<span word="always">always</span>，<span word="forever">forever</span>，<span word="constantly">constantly</span>，<span word="continually">continually</span>，<span word="frequently">frequently</span>等词连用，表示过去经常发生的行为，往往带有感情色彩。如： <span word="My">My</span> <span word="brother">brother</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="losing">losing</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="key">key</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="frequently">frequently</span> <span word="quarrelling">quarrelling</span>. 五）常用现在完成时的情况： 1.被<span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="time">time</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="times">times</span>，<span word="again">again</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="again">again</span>等表示次数或重复的状语修饰时，句中常用现在完成时。如： <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="improvements">improvements</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="equipment">equipment</span>. 2.定语从句的先行词是最高级形式或被最高级形容词修饰时，句中常用现在完成时。如： <span word="Scientists">Scientists</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="metals">metals</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="conductors">conductors</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="silver">silver</span>. 3.在某些时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来完成的动作。如： <span word="I">I</span>'<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="homework">homework</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="stoppted">stoppted</span> <span word="snowing">snowing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>，<span word="we">we</span>'<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="park">park</span>. 六）常用过去完成时的情况： 1.某些动词的过去完成时表示原先计划或打算做而没做的事情。常见的动词有<span word="mean">mean</span>，<span word="plan">plan</span>，<span word="think">think</span>，<span word="suppose">suppose</span>，<span word="want">want</span>，<span word="intend">intend</span>等。如： <span word="We">We</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="hoped">hoped</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="visit">visit</span> <span word="us">us</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="intended">intended</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cake">cake</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="ran">ran</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="time">time</span>. 2.在条件状语从句中以及<span word="which">which</span>或<span word="I">I</span>'<span word="d">d</span> <span word="rather">rather</span>后的宾语从句中，常用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。如： <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="care">care</span>! <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="truth">truth</span>. 七）常用一般将来时的情况： 1.表示一种倾向、固有特性或说话人推测的意见。如： <span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="rain">rain</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>. <span word="Birds">Birds</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="nests">nests</span>. 2.在某些条件状语从句、时间状语从句中。如： <span word="We">We</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="unless">unless</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="rains">rains</span>. <span word="He">He</span>'<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="him">him</span>. 说明：有时用<span word="be">be</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span>+动词原形或<span word="be">be</span> <span word="to">to</span> +动词原形或<span word="be">be</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> +动词原形表示将来时。如： <span word="The">The</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="nine">nine</span>. <span word="Tell">Tell</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="late">late</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="begin">begin</span>.</p>
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