2017届新课标高考英语精华知识点：动词不定式
<p> 专题06 动词不定式</p><p> 动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。动词不定式具有动词的性质，它可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而构成动词不定式短语。它还可以有形 式的变化，即一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。同时，动词不定式也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词或副词，可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足 语、表语、定语和状语。</p><p> 一、 动词不定式的特征和种类</p><p> 动词不定式是由不定式符号<span word="to">to</span>+动词原形构成，在某些情况下<span word="to">to</span>也可省略。</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>． 不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="appears">appears</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="happy">happy</span>. 他看起来好像很高兴。（同时发生） <span word="To">To</span> <span word="catch">catch</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="train">train</span>, <span word="we">we</span>'<span word="d">d</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="hurry">hurry</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="station">station</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="taxi">taxi</span>. 为了赶上火车，我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。（<span word="to">to</span> <span word="catch">catch</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="train">train</span>发生在<span word="hurry">hurry</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="station">station</span>之后）</p><p> <span word="B">B</span>．不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="happened">happened</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="raining">raining</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="there">there</span>. 我到达那里的时候，天碰巧在下雨。 <span word="I">I</span>'<span word="m">m</span> <span word="glad">glad</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="traveling">traveling</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="you">you</span>. 我很高兴和你一起旅游。</p><p> <span word="C">C</span>． 不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。 <span word="I">I</span>'<span word="m">m</span> <span word="sorry">sorry</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="key">key</span>. 我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="meant">meant</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="well">well</span>. 我本来想昨晚完成工作的，但是我感觉身体不舒服。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="honor">honor</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="invited">invited</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="country">country</span>. 对我来说，被邀请来你们国家是一件很荣幸的事情。</p>
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