2017届新课标高考英语精华知识点：动词的-ed形式
<p> 专题07 动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式</p><p> 动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式也是非谓语动词的一种，它具有动词的一些特点，同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。</p><p> 一、 动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式的特征</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>．动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式是由动词的过去分词构成 动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式由动词原形加-<span word="ed">ed</span>构成，也有一些动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式是不规则的。 1． 规则动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式 <span word="limit">limit</span>→<span word="limited">limited</span>（限制） <span word="pretend">pretend</span>→<span word="pretended">pretended</span>（假装） <span word="escape">escape</span>→<span word="escaped">escaped</span>（逃脱） <span word="provide">provide</span>→<span word="provided">provided</span>（提供） <span word="refer">refer</span>→<span word="referred">referred</span>（提交） <span word="drag">drag</span>→<span word="dragged">dragged</span>（拖） <span word="pray">pray</span>→<span word="prayed">prayed</span>（祈祷） <span word="supply">supply</span>→<span word="supplied">supplied</span>（供应） 2．不规则动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式 <span word="cast">cast</span>→<span word="cast">cast</span>（投掷） <span word="spread">spread</span>→<span word="spread">spread</span>（传播） <span word="bite">bite</span>→<span word="bitten">bitten</span>（咬） <span word="forgive">forgive</span>→<span word="forgiven">forgiven</span>（原谅） <span word="spit">spit</span>→<span word="spat">spat</span>（ 吐） <span word="wear">wear</span>→<span word="worn">worn</span>（穿） <span word="fight">fight</span>→<span word="fought">fought</span>（搏斗） <span word="lose">lose</span>→<span word="lost">lost</span>（丢失） 3．少数动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同 <span word="learned">learned</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="learned">learned</span> <span word="professor">professor</span> 一位知识渊博的教授 <span word="aged">aged</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="aged">aged</span> <span word="man">man</span>老人 <span word="beloved">beloved</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="beloved">beloved</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> 他心爱的计算机</p><p> <span word="B">B</span>．动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式的否定形式 动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式的否定形式是由<span word="not">not</span>或<span word="never">never</span>加动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式构成。 <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="allowed">allowed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="in">in</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="wait">wait</span> <span word="outside">outside</span>. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。 <span word="Never">Never</span> <span word="invited">invited</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="party">party</span>, <span word="she">she</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="angry">angry</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="him">him</span>. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。 <span word="C">C</span>．动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式的特征 动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。 1．动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式表示已完成的动作。 除了作形容词用的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式外，动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。 <span word="Born">Born</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="brought">brought</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="countryside">countryside</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="interested">interested</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="biology">biology</span>. 由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。 <span word="One">One</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="glasses">glasses</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="broken">broken</span>. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="books">books</span>, <span word="written">written</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Lu">Lu</span> <span word="Xun">Xun</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="people">people</span>. 鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多中国人的喜爱。 2．及物动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式一般表示被动的意思。 <span word="Given">Given</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="solved">solved</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="riddle">riddle</span>. 要是有充足的时间，我就能猜出那个谜语。（句子的主语<span word="I">I</span> 和动词<span word="give">give</span>之间是被动关系。） <span word="When">When</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="English">English</span>, <span word="be">be</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="yourself">yourself</span> <span word="understood">understood</span>. 你说英语的时候，一定要让人懂得你的意思。（动词<span word="make">make</span>的宾语<span word="yourself">yourself</span>和宾语补足语<span word="understand">understand</span>之间是被动关系。） <span word="The">The</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="gained">gained</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="army">army</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="study">study</span>. 在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。 3．不及物动词的-<span word="ed">ed</span>形式只表示完成的意思，并不带有被动的含义。 <span word="an">an</span> <span word="escaped">escaped</span> <span word="prisoner">prisoner</span> 逃犯 （= <span word="a">a</span> <span word="prisoner">prisoner</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="escaped">escaped</span>） <span word="a">a</span> <span word="retired">retired</span> <span word="worker">worker</span> 退休工人 （= <span word="a">a</span> <span word="worker">worker</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="retired">retired</span>） <span word="a">a</span> <span word="newly">newly</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span> <span word="guest">guest</span> 新来的客人 （= <span word="a">a</span> <span word="guest">guest</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span>） <span word="We">We</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="advanced">advanced</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="time">time</span>.我们应该不时地从发达国家引进先进技术。 <span word="People">People</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="changed">changed</span> <span word="situation">situation</span>. 人们应该注意到变化了的形势。</p>
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