广东省连州市连州中学高三英语《主谓一致》课件
<p> 主谓一致 主谓一致 一、语法形式上的一致 二、意义上一致 三、就近原则 四、应注意的若干问题 （一）名词作主语。 （二）由连接词连接的名词作主语。 （三）代词作主语。 （四）分数、量词作主语。</p><p> (五)名词化的形容词作主语。 （六）从句作主语。 （七）不定式、名动词（短语）作主语</p><p> 内 容 提 要 一、语法形式上的一致 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="is">is</span> 1,700. <span word="Mary">Mary</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Kelly">Kelly</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="alike">alike</span>. 二、意义上一致 （1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="crowd">crowd</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="running">running</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="lives">lives</span>. 单数形式代表复数内容的词有<span word="people">people</span>、<span word="police">police</span>、<span word="cattle">cattle</span>等。 （2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。<span word="The">The</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="exciting">exciting</span>. 形复意单的单词有<span word="new">new</span>、<span word="works">works</span>（工厂）、<span word="means">means</span>和以-<span word="ics">ics</span>结尾的学科名称<span word="physics">physics</span>、<span word="poli">poli</span>-<span word="tics">tics</span>、<span word="economics">economics</span>等。 三、就近原则。 即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如果连词<span word="or">or</span>、<span word="either">either</span> …</p><p> <span word="or">or</span>、<span word="neither">neither</span> … <span word="nor">nor</span>、<span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span> … <span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span>等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。 <span word="Either">Either</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="mad">mad</span>. 四、应注意的若干问题 （1）名词作主语。 ①某些集体名词如<span word="family">family</span>、<span word="team">team</span>等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。 <span word="My">My</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="trip">trip</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="watching">watching</span> <span word="TV">TV</span>. 这类词常有<span word="audience">audience</span>、<span word="class">class</span> <span word="club">club</span>、<span word="committee">committee</span>、<span word="company">company</span>、<span word="crew">crew</span>、<span word="crowd">crowd</span>、<span word="enemy">enemy</span>、<span word="government">government</span>、<span word="group">group</span>、<span word="party">party</span>、<span word="public">public</span>、<span word="team">team</span>等。 <span word="Population">Population</span>和“<span word="a">a</span> <span word="group">group</span> (<span word="crowd">crowd</span>) <span word="of">of</span> + 复数名词”也适用于这种情况，强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。 ②某些集体名词如<span word="people">people</span>、<span word="police">police</span>、<span word="cattle">cattle</span>、<span word="oxen">oxen</span>只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。 ③单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="sheep">sheep</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="there">there</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="sheep">sheep</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="there">there</span>. ④名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等；作主语时，动词一般用单数。<span word="My">My</span> <span word="uncle">uncle</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="here">here</span>. 常见的省略名词有<span word="the">the</span> <span word="baker">baker</span>’<span word="s">s</span> 、<span word="the">the</span> <span word="barbar">barbar</span>’<span word="s">s</span>、<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Zhang">Zhang</span>’<span word="s">s</span>等。 表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如： <span word="Richardson">Richardson</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sell">sell</span>. ⑤当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数。 <span word="Thirty">Thirty</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="passed">passed</span>. <span word="Five">Five</span> <span word="minutes">minutes</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="finish">finish</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="task">task</span>. ⑥不定代词<span word="each">each</span>、<span word="every">every</span>、<span word="no">no</span>所修饰的名词即使以<span word="and">and</span>或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： <span word="Each">Each</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dictionary">dictionary</span>. ⑦如果主语有<span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="one">one</span> … 或<span word="many">many</span> <span word="a">a</span> … 构成，尽管从意义上 看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词用单数形式。 <span word="More">More</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="play">play</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="toy">toy</span>. 但是，“<span word="more">more</span> + 复数名词 + <span word="than">than</span> <span word="one">one</span>”结构之后，谓语用复数。 ⑧一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如<span word="glasses">glasses</span>、<span word="clothes">clothes</span>、<span word="trousers">trousers</span>、<span word="shoes">shoes</span>、<span word="compasses">compasses</span>、<span word="chopsticks">chopsticks</span>、<span word="scissors">scissors</span>等。 但如果主语用<span word="a">a</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span>、<span word="a">a</span> <span word="pair">pair</span> <span word="of">of</span>、<span word="a">a</span> <span word="series">series</span> <span word="of">of</span>等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="pair">pair</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="shoes">shoes</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>. ⑨<span word="this">this</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="book">book</span> = <span word="a">a</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="kind">kind</span>(这种书)，其谓语动词；短语<span word="this">this</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="men">men</span> = <span word="men">men</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> = <span word="these">these</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span></p>
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