2017高中英语素材轻松阅读：海外文化：万圣节的那些吓人事儿素材
<p> 海外文化：万圣节的那些吓人事儿</p><p> 在西方国家，每年的10月31日，有个“<span word="Halloween">Halloween</span>”，辞典解释为“<span word="The">The</span> <span word="eve">eve</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="All">All</span> <span word="Saints">Saints</span>'<span word="Day">Day</span>”，中文译作：“万圣节之夜”。这一夜是一年中最“闹鬼”的一夜，所以也叫“鬼节”。<span word="Hallow">Hallow</span> 来源于中古英语<span word="halwen">halwen</span>，与 <span word="holy">holy</span> 词源很接近，在¨北欧的某些区域，万圣节仍然被称为 <span word="All">All</span> <span word="Hallow">Hallow</span> <span word="Mas">Mas</span>，意思是在纪念所有的圣人（<span word="Hallow">Hallow</span>）那一天，要举行的弥撒仪式（<span word="Mass">Mass</span>）。<span word="oween">oween</span>，是 “<span word="All">All</span> <span word="Hallow">Hallow</span> <span word="E">E</span>'<span word="en">en</span>” 的缩写，也叫做“<span word="The">The</span> <span word="eve">eve</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="Saints">Saints</span>' <span word="Day">Day</span>"，最终约定俗成演变成了“<span word="Halloween">Halloween</span>”中文意译成了万圣节之夜，类似于平安夜被称为 <span word="Christmas">Christmas</span> <span word="Eve">Eve</span>。 万圣节前夜（<span word="Halloween">Halloween</span>），当晚小孩会穿上化妆服，戴上面具，挨家挨户收集榶果，嘴里喊着："不给糖就捣蛋"（<span word="trick">trick</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="treat">treat</span>）。这个习俗，来源于异教徒相信鬼魂会在每年降临人间的时候给活着的人制造麻烦。为了保护自己不被恶灵伤害，人们穿上看起来像鬼的衣服，并且准备面包、鸡蛋、苹果等食物当供品以求好运。人们戴着面具，穿着迷惑鬼魂的鬼服，挨家挨户收供品。慷慨的人点起灯火，受到良好祝愿，但吝啬的人却受到威胁。 继续学习一下关于万圣节的背景文化知识吧！ 1. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Halloween">Halloween</span> <span word="celebration">celebration</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="All">All</span> <span word="Hallows">Hallows</span> <span word="Day">Day</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="All">All</span> <span word="Saints">Saints</span> <span word="Day">Day</span>, <span word="the">the</span> 1<span word="st">st</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="November">November</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="originally">originally</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pagan">pagan</span> <span word="festival">festival</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dead">dead</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="later">later</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="holiday">holiday</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="honor">honor</span> <span word="Christian">Christian</span> <span word="saints">saints</span>. 万圣节的庆祝活动来源于每年11月1日的<span word="All">All</span> <span word="Hallows">Hallows</span> <span word="Day">Day</span> 或<span word="All">All</span> <span word="Saints">Saints</span> <span word="Day">Day</span>。它原先是异教徒们纪念死者的节日，但是逐渐演变成一个纪念基督圣者的节日。 2. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="Halloween">Halloween</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="contraction">contraction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="All">All</span> <span word="Hallows">Hallows</span> <span word="Eve">Eve</span> (<span word="Evening">Evening</span>)， <span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="All">All</span> <span word="Hallows">Hallows</span> <span word="Day">Day</span>. <span word="On">On</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="spirits">spirits</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dead">dead</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="try">try</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="life">life</span>! <span word="Halloween">Halloween</span>这个词来自于<span word="All">All</span> <span word="Hallows">Hallows</span> <span word="Eve">Eve</span>(夜晚)，<span word="All">All</span> <span word="Hallows">Hallows</span> <span word="Eve">Eve</span>是<span word="All">All</span> <span word="Hallows">Hallows</span> <span word="Day">Day</span>前一天的缩写。人们认为在当天晚上，亡者的灵魂会重新复活！ 3. <span word="Dressing">Dressing</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="costumes">costumes</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="Halloween">Halloween</span> <span word="customs">customs</span>, <span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="children">children</span>. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tradition">tradition</span>, <span word="people">people</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="dress">dress</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="costumes">costumes</span> (<span word="wear">wear</span> <span word="special">special</span> <span word="clothing">clothing</span>, <span word="masks">masks</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="disguises">disguises</span>) <span word="to">to</span> <span word="frighten">frighten</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="spirits">spirits</span> <span word="away">away</span>. <span word="Dressing">Dressing</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="costumes">costumes</span>是最受欢迎的万圣节风俗之一，尤其是受孩子们的欢迎。按照传统习俗，人们会<span word="dress">dress</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="costumes">costumes</span>(穿戴一些特別的服裝，面具或者装饰)来吓跑鬼魂。 4. <span word="Popular">Popular</span> <span word="Halloween">Halloween</span> <span word="costumes">costumes</span> <span word="include">include</span> <span word="vampires">vampires</span> (<span word="creatures">creatures</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="drink">drink</span> <span word="blood">blood</span>)， <span word="ghosts">ghosts</span> (<span word="spirits">spirits</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dead">dead</span>) <span word="and">and</span> <span word="werewolves">werewolves</span> (<span word="people">people</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="wolves">wolves</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="moon">moon</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="full">full</span>). 流行的万圣节服装包括<span word="vampires">vampires</span>(吸血鬼)，<span word="ghosts">ghosts</span>(死者的灵魂)和<span word="werewolves">werewolves</span>(每当月圆时就变成狼形的人)。 5. <span word="Trick">Trick</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="Treating">Treating</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="Halloween">Halloween</span> <span word="custom">custom</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="dressed">dressed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="costume">costume</span>, <span word="asking">asking</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="treats">treats</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="candy">candy</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="toys">toys</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="don">don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="treats">treats</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="trick">trick</span> (<span word="mischief">mischief</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="prank">prank</span>) <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="owners">owners</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="house">house</span>. <span word="Trick">Trick</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="Treating">Treating</span> 是现代万圣节的风俗。孩子们穿着特殊的衣服走街串巷，讨取糖果和玩具之类的赏赐。如果他们得不到任何的赏赐，就可能会对屋主大搞恶作剧或者胡闹了。 6. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="tradition">tradition</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Jack">Jack</span> <span word="o">o</span>' <span word="Lantern">Lantern</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="folktale">folktale</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="named">named</span> <span word="Jack">Jack</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="tricked">tricked</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="devil">devil</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="wander">wander</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Earth">Earth</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lantern">lantern</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Jack">Jack</span> <span word="o">o</span>' <span word="Lantern">Lantern</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="placing">placing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="candle">candle</span> <span word="inside">inside</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hollowed">hollowed</span>-<span word="out">out</span> <span word="pumpkin">pumpkin</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="carved">carved</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="face">face</span>. <span word="Jack">Jack</span> <span word="o">o</span>' <span word="Lantern">Lantern</span> 的传统来自于一个民间传说。一个名叫<span word="Jack">Jack</span>的人戏弄了恶魔，之后就不得不提着一盏灯在地球上流浪。<span word="Jack">Jack</span> <span word="o">o</span>' <span word="Lantern">Lantern</span>是用雕刻成脸型，中间挖空，再插上蜡烛的南瓜做成的。 7. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="superstitions">superstitions</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="Halloween">Halloween</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="superstition">superstition</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="irrational">irrational</span> <span word="idea">idea</span>, <span word="like">like</span> <span word="believing">believing</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> 13 <span word="is">is</span> <span word="unlucky">unlucky</span>! 和万圣节有关的迷信还有很多。迷信是一种不合常理的想法，比如认为13是不吉利的数字！ 8. <span word="Halloween">Halloween</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="supernatural">supernatural</span> <span word="creatures">creatures</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="ghosts">ghosts</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="vampires">vampires</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="creatures">creatures</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="world">world</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="don">don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="exist">exist</span>... <span word="or">or</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="they">they</span>? 万圣节还和一些诸如鬼魂和吸血鬼之类的超自然的生物有关。这些生物不是自然界的一部分。他们实际上是不存在的。。或许他们其实真的存在？ 9. <span word="Witches">Witches</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="Halloween">Halloween</span> <span word="characters">characters</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="magical">magical</span> <span word="powers">powers</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="wear">wear</span> <span word="pointed">pointed</span> <span word="hats">hats</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fly">fly</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="broomsticks">broomsticks</span>. 女巫是万圣节很受欢迎的人物，人们认为她们具有强大的魔力。他们通常戴着尖顶的帽子，骑在扫把上飞来飞去。 10. <span word="Bad">Bad</span> <span word="omens">omens</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Halloween">Halloween</span> <span word="celebrations">celebrations</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="omen">omen</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="luck">luck</span>, <span word="like">like</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="cats">cats</span>, <span word="spiders">spiders</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="bats">bats</span>. 恶兆也是万圣节庆祝活动的一部分。人们相信恶兆会带给坏运气，黑猫、蜘蛛或者蝙蝠都算是恶兆</p>
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