河北省2011届高考英语复习指导：弄清定状语 读懂长短句
<p> 句子是构成篇章的基本单位。要读懂一篇文章，首先要理解每个句子。同样，要写出一篇文章，首先要写好每个句子。一个句子最短的基本成分是“主+谓”，最长的基本成分是“主+谓+宾+补”。基本成分的修饰语为附属成分：定语—修饰限制名词或代词的单词﹑短语或从句；状语—修饰限制谓语﹑句子或句子里一部分的单词﹑短语或从句。</p><p> 一、附属成分作定语</p><p> 英语中的定语可分为限制性定语和非限制性定语。用来作定语的有：名词﹑数词﹑形容词﹑代词﹑副词﹑介词短语﹑非谓语动词和定语从句等等。</p><p> 1. 限制性定语：单个词放在被修饰的词前面，短语和从句放在被修饰的词后面。</p><p> （1）名词﹑形容词﹑副词﹑数词﹑代词或介词短语等；</p><p> <span word="She">She</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shoe">shoe</span> <span word="factory">factory</span>.</p><p> ②<span word="Please">Please</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="cruel">cruel</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="ten">ten</span>-<span word="year">year</span>-<span word="old">old</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="that">that</span>.</p><p> 副词作定语一般放在被修饰的词后面, 以表示位置的居多。如：</p><p> <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="there">there</span>?</p><p> ④<span word="Poor">Poor</span> <span word="Jack">Jack</span> <span word="tottered">tottered</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hospital">hospital</span> <span word="nearby">nearby</span>.</p><p> <span word="present">present</span>, <span word="absent">absent</span>, <span word="a">a</span>-开头的形容词和形容词短语作定语放在被修饰的词之后。可以理解成<span word="which">which</span> /<span word="that">that</span> / <span word="who">who</span> +<span word="is">is</span>（<span word="was">was</span>） / <span word="are">are</span>（<span word="were">were</span>）引导的定语从句的省略。如：</p>
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