高中英语 语法精讲（Unit 11Scientific achievements）人教版
<p> 语法精讲 <span word="Word">Word</span> <span word="Formation">Formation</span>（1）(构词法1)</p><p> 最常用的英语构词方法有以下三种：</p><p> （1）转化法：就是把一个词从一种词性转成另一种词性。</p><p> 例如：<span word="correct">correct</span> <span word="adj">adj</span>. (正确的)→<span word="v">v</span>.(纠正)</p><p> <span word="sample">sample</span></p><p> <span word="n">n</span>.（样品）→<span word="v">v</span>.（取样）</p><p> <span word="warm">warm</span></p><p> <span word="adj">adj</span>.（温暖的）→<span word="v">v</span>.（使……变暖）</p><p> （2）合成词：就是把两个或两个以上的词，组合成一个复合词。例如：</p><p> <span word="class">class</span>(班级)+<span word="room">room</span>(房间)→<span word="classroom">classroom</span>(教室)</p><p> <span word="black">black</span>(黑色的)+<span word="board">board</span>(木板)→<span word="blackboard">blackboard</span>(黑板)</p><p> <span word="hide">hide</span>(躲藏)+<span word="and">and</span>(和)+<span word="seek">seek</span>(寻找)→<span word="hide">hide</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="seek">seek</span>(捉迷藏)</p><p> （3）派生词：由词根利用前缀或后缀派生而成的词。</p><p> 如：<span word="friend">friend</span>(朋友)→<span word="friend">friend</span>-<span word="ly">ly</span>（友善的）</p><p> →<span word="friend">friend</span>-<span word="less">less</span>（没有朋友的）</p><p> →<span word="friend">friend</span>-<span word="ship">ship</span>（友谊）</p><p> →<span word="un">un</span>-<span word="friend">friend</span>-<span word="ly">ly</span>(不友善的)</p><p> 考题再现</p><p> 【考例1】(2006上海高考，41) <span word="You">You</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stars">stars</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="night">night</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="daytime">daytime</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> ______.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="unavoidableB">unavoidableB</span>.<span word="invisible">invisible</span></p><p> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="inaccessible">inaccessible</span></p><p> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="unavailable">unavailable</span></p><p> 解析:本题考查利用构词法来推理选择形容词的含义。<span word="unavoidable">unavoidable</span> 不可避免的；<span word="invisible">invisible</span> 不可视的，看不见的；<span word="inaccessible">inaccessible</span> 不通的，不可进入的；<span word="unavailable">unavailable</span> 摸不到的，买不着的。</p>
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