高中英语 语法精讲（Unit 22A world of fun）人教版
<p> 语法精讲<span word="The">The</span> -<span word="ing">ing</span> <span word="Form">Form</span>(3)—<span word="Used">Used</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Adverbial">Adverbial</span> 动词<span word="ing">ing</span>形式（3）—作状语</p><p> 1.动词<span word="ing">ing</span>形式作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，必须与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系，且分词表示的动作是次要动作。</p><p> <span word="Hearing">Hearing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="excited">excited</span>.(表时间)</p><p> <span word="Be">Be</span> <span word="careful">careful</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="crossing">crossing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="street">street</span>.（表时间）</p><p> <span word="Father">Father</span> <span word="died">died</span>,<span word="leaving">leaving</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span>.（表结果）</p><p> <span word="Being">Being</span> <span word="ill">ill</span>,<span word="she">she</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="home">home</span>.（表原因）</p><p> 2.若分词的动作发生在谓语动词以前，则分词使用完成式：<span word="having">having</span> <span word="done">done</span>。</p><p> <span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="homework">homework</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="home">home</span>.</p><p> <span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="bitten">bitten</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="snake">snake</span>,<span word="she">she</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="frightened">frightened</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="it">it</span>.</p><p> 3.动词<span word="ing">ing</span>形式的否定形式，在动词<span word="ing">ing</span>之前加<span word="not">not</span>。</p><p> <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="having">having</span> <span word="received">received</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="reply">reply</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="rang">rang</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="again">again</span>.</p><p> 4.有些动词<span word="ing">ing</span>形式，在句中作状语，不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。</p><p> <span word="Generally">Generally</span> <span word="speaking">speaking</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="arrive">arrive</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="time">time</span>.</p><p> <span word="Judging">Judging</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="looks">looks</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="honest">honest</span>.</p><p> <span word="Considering">Considering</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="said">said</span>,<span word="he">he</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lie">lie</span>.</p><p> 5.如分词的逻辑主语不再是句子的主语，而是另有一个，且直接放在了分词的前面，这就是独立主格结构，在句中同样可作状语。</p>
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