口译实用：切勿逐字翻译
<p>成语、俗语、谚语，总之一切固定说法在翻译时，不仅在理解上而且在表达上都存在困难。在单句的翮译中，如果遇到一个“包块”，即从字面上直译译不通的语言块，需要勤査字典，査出是否是固定说法，切勿逐字翻译。</p><p>例1 <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="week">week</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span> <span word="Assembly">Assembly</span> <span word="struck">struck</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="blow">blow</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="multitasking">multitasking</span>, <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="behind">behind</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wheel">wheel</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="approved">approved</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bill">bill</span> <span word="banning">banning</span> <span word="drivers">drivers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="handheld">handheld</span> <span word="cellular">cellular</span> <span word="phones">phones</span>.</p><p>【译文】然而，纽约州议会众议院却反对这种多任务做法，至少开车时不行，该议会上周通过了一条禁止本州司机使用手提电话的法案。</p><p>【评析】<span word="strike">strike</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="blow">blow</span> <span word="against">against</span>是成语，表示“反对”，如果逐字译为“对敲打了一击”，读者定会感到不知所云。<span word="behind">behind</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wheel">wheel</span>虽不是成语，但是一种现在很流行的、公认的固定说法，意为“开车的时候”。这种说法是采用了修辞学里的借代法，即用<span word="wheel">wheel</span>指代“汽车”。</p><p> 例2 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="truth">truth</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="writing">writing</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wall">wall</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="age">age</span>.</p><p>【译文】其实，他很小的时候就萌生了这个不着家的念头。</p><p>【评析】如果把<span word="writing">writing</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wall">wall</span>译为“书法在墙上”不但语句不通，而且也不符合语法,<span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="age">age</span>必须修饰人，即 句子里的主语必须是人。可是，这一句的主语是<span word="writing">writing</span>,故不能这样理解。<span word="the">the</span> <span word="writing">writing</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wall">wall</span> 或 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="handwriting">handwriting</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wall">wall</span> 是成语，意为“凶事的预料”。此处并没有直译成“凶事的预料”而是进行深层意思上的解释，进而进行概念化的翻译。</p>
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