2017届高考英语一轮复习语法考点讲练：第十一专题
<p> 知识盘点 真题探究 ?</p><p> 1. 考查关系代词和关系副词的用法,找出先行词,确定关系词在 定语从句中的作用,正确选出关系词。 2. 将定语从句与强调句型、同位语从句以及状语从句融合在一起 进行考查,既考查句式结构的辨析能力,又考查关系词与其他连词的 区分运用能力。 3. 介词+关系代词结构的准确选择和运用。 4. 定语从句中的特殊应用和规定,尤其是<span word="where">where</span>引导的定语从句。 考点1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词<span word="who">who</span>代指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;<span word="whom">whom</span>代指 知识盘点 真题探究 人,在定语从句中作动词或介词的宾语;<span word="which">which</span>代指物,作主语或宾语; <span word="that">that</span>代指人或物,作主语、宾语或表语。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="detective">detective</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="London">London</span>. 这就是那位来自伦敦的 侦探。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="book">book</span> (<span word="that">that</span> / <span word="which">which</span>) <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Thomas">Thomas</span> <span word="Hardy">Hardy</span>. 我正 在看的这本书是托马斯·哈代所写。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span> (<span word="that">that</span> / <span word="which">which</span>) <span word="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="born">born</span> <span word="in">in</span>. 这就是莎士比 亚出生的房间。 注:先行词在定语从句中作表语时,不管先行词是指人还是指物,引导 知识盘点 真题探究 词都要用关系代词<span word="that">that</span>,但在非限制性定语从句中要改用<span word="which">which</span>。 <span word="He">He</span>??<span word="s">s</span> <span word="changed">changed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span>. <span word="He">He</span>??<span word="s">s</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span>. 他变化很大,已经不 是过去的他了。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>. 这个问题不是像你 认为的那么容易。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>. 他成为了一名医生, 这是他以前一直梦想的。 考点2 关系代词<span word="which">which</span>引导的定语从句还可修饰前面整个主句,此 时<span word="which">which</span>相当于<span word="and">and</span> <span word="this">this</span> 知识盘点 真题探究 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="succeeded">succeeded</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="competition">competition</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="happy">happy</span>. 他赢得了本次比赛,这令他父母很高兴。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="good">good</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="expect">expect</span>. 天气最后晴朗起来,这是我们没有料到的。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="educated">educated</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="grammar">grammar</span> <span word="school">school</span>, <span word="after">after</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Cambridge">Cambridge</span> <span word="University">University</span>. 他在当地的一所文法学校就读之后上了剑桥 大学。 考点3 介词+关系代词 “介词+关系代词”可以引导定语从句,但关系代词只可用 知识盘点 真题探究 <span word="whom">whom</span>或<span word="which">which</span>,不可用<span word="who">who</span>或<span word="that">that</span>。介词的选择应遵循以下三个原则: 1.看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="goal">goal</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="fought">fought</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="impor">impor</span>- <span word="tant">tant</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="him">him</span>.(<span word="fight">fight</span> <span word="for">for</span>) 2.看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="referred">referred</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="reference">reference</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="fa">fa</span>- <span word="miliar">miliar</span>.(<span word="be">be</span> <span word="familiar">familiar</span> <span word="with">with</span>) 3.根据先行词判断,所用的介词要与先行词搭配 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="wild">wild</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="destroyed">destroyed</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="increased">increased</span>.(<span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span></p>
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