2017届高考英语1轮复习牛津译林江苏专版课件：M5 Unit 1《Getting along with others》
<p> (4)当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式。不定式的被动式在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语或补语等。 <span word="To">To</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="followed">followed</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span>. 汤姆生性要别人听命于他。 (5)“<span word="be">be</span>＋过去分词＋不定式的被动式”可构成双重被动式。常用于双重被动式的动词有<span word="allow">allow</span>，<span word="announce">announce</span>，<span word="ask">ask</span>，<span word="attempt">attempt</span>，<span word="believe">believe</span>，<span word="desire">desire</span>，<span word="enable">enable</span>，<span word="expect">expect</span>，<span word="intend">intend</span>，<span word="know">know</span>，<span word="leave">leave</span>，<span word="mean">mean</span>, <span word="order">order</span>, <span word="permit">permit</span>, <span word="report">report</span>, <span word="say">say</span>等。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="allowed">allowed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="office">office</span>. 不许将书带出办公室。 5．不定式省略<span word="to">to</span>的几种情况 (1)在助动词或情态动词后接不带<span word="to">to</span>的不定式。 <span word="Must">Must</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="finish">finish</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="today">today</span>? 我今天必须完成这项工作吗？ (2)在<span word="had">had</span> <span word="better">better</span>, <span word="had">had</span> <span word="best">best</span>, <span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span>, <span word="would">would</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span>, <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span>等结构后接不带<span word="to">to</span>的不定式。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="treat">treat</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="joke">joke</span>. 我们最好把它当作玩笑。 (3)当主语从句中或修饰主语的定语从句中有<span word="do">do</span>时，其表语如果是不定式，常省去<span word="to">to</span>。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="wait">wait</span> <span word="patiently">patiently</span>. 他唯一能做的事就是耐心等待。 (4)在介词<span word="but">but</span>, <span word="except">except</span>之前如有动词<span word="do">do</span>，其后的不定式不用<span word="to">to</span>；其前如无动词<span word="do">do</span>，其后的不定式则一般带<span word="to">to</span>。 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="everything">everything</span> <span word="except">except</span> <span word="cook">cook</span>. 除了不会做饭她什么都能做。 (5)动词原形<span word="go">go</span>与<span word="come">come</span>等在口语中可接不带<span word="to">to</span>的不定式。 <span word="Come">Come</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="book">book</span>! 过来读一下这本书！ (6)为了避免重复而省去<span word="to">to</span>。但两个不定式若有对照或对比之意，则不可省去<span word="to">to</span>。 <span word="Teacher">Teacher</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="scold">scold</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="praise">praise</span> <span word="you">you</span>. 老师不是来骂你而是来夸你的。 (7)疑问词<span word="why">why</span>引导的省略句中的不定式，在当代英语中一般须省去<span word="to">to</span>。 <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="try">try</span> <span word="again">again</span>? 为什么不再试试呢？ (8)在<span word="let">let</span>, <span word="make">make</span>, <span word="have">have</span>等使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略<span word="to">to</span>。 <span word="My">My</span> <span word="mother">mother</span> <span word="wouldn">wouldn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span>. 我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。 (9)在感觉动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略<span word="to">to</span>。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="watched">watched</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="car">car</span>. 我看着她上了车。 (10)在动词<span word="help">help</span>后用作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式可以不带<span word="to">to</span>。 <span word="Can">Can</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="help">help</span> (<span word="to">to</span>) <span word="carry">carry</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="heavy">heavy</span> <span word="box">box</span>? 我可以帮忙扛这个重箱子吗？ 1．只能后接不定式的动词和短语归纳： <span word="ask">ask</span>, <span word="demand">demand</span>(要求), <span word="plan">plan</span>, <span word="intend">intend</span>, <span word="mean">mean</span>(计划), <span word="manage">manage</span>, <span word="do">do</span> / <span word="try">try</span> <span word="one">one</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="best">best</span>, <span word="make">make</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="attempt">attempt</span>(努力), <span word="learn">learn</span>(学习), <span word="hope">hope</span>, <span word="desire">desire</span>, <span word="expect">expect</span>, <span word="long">long</span>, <span word="want">want</span>, <span word="would">would</span> <span word="like">like</span>, <span word="would">would</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span>, <span word="wish">wish</span>(希望、愿意), <span word="agree">agree</span>, <span word="promise">promise</span>(同意), <span word="decide">decide</span>, <span word="determine">determine</span>, <span word="choose">choose</span>, <span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="decision">decision</span>, <span word="make">make</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="one">one</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="mind">mind</span>(决定), <span word="offer">offer</span>(主动提出), <span word="apply">apply</span>(申请), <span word="help">help</span>(帮助), <span word="fail">fail</span>(不能、没有), <span word="prepare">prepare</span>(准备), <span word="pretend">pretend</span>(假装), <span word="refuse">refuse</span>(拒绝), <span word="happen">happen</span>(碰巧), <span word="afford">afford</span>(负担得起)等。 2．某些抽象名词需要接不定式作定语。 <span word="plan">plan</span>, <span word="attempt">attempt</span>, <span word="decision">decision</span>, <span word="determination">determination</span>, <span word="intention">intention</span>, <span word="courage">courage</span>, <span word="ambition">ambition</span>，<span word="promise">promise</span>, <span word="chance">chance</span>, <span word="opportunity">opportunity</span>, <span word="right">right</span>, <span word="ability">ability</span>, <span word="effort">effort</span>等。 3．序数词和<span word="last">last</span>, <span word="few">few</span>等词后常接不定式作定语。</p>
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