2017届高考英语1轮复习牛津译林江苏专版课件：M7 Unit 3《The World online》
<p> 4．助动词<span word="shall">shall</span>和<span word="will">will</span>的用法</p><p> <span word="shall">shall</span>和<span word="will">will</span>作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。<span word="will">will</span>常用于第一人称，但<span word="shall">shall</span>只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词。</p><p> 5．助动词<span word="should">should</span>, <span word="would">would</span>的用法</p><p> (1)<span word="should">should</span>无词义，只是<span word="shall">shall</span>的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称；</p><p> (2)<span word="would">would</span>也无词义，是<span word="will">will</span>的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。</p><p> 助动词是新版译林牛津版教材模块7第3单元的语法内容，这是一个新增的项目(老版教材中是没有的)，其实助动词的用法涉及每篇文章甚至每一个句子每一道试题。新版教材将其单列，只不过是显示其重要性而已。由于助动词涉及每一道题，所以每一个语法项目实际上都与助动词有关。不过，下列助动词短语，我们将其集中起来，有利于进一步辨别其用法。 1．<span word="have">have</span> (<span word="got">got</span>) <span word="to">to</span>不能单独作谓语，后面必须接动词原形一起构成谓语。它有人称和数的变化，可用于多种时态。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="bed">bed</span>. 他不必待在床上。 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>? 他们必须做什么？ 2．<span word="had">had</span> <span word="better">better</span> “最好”，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。后面必须跟动词原形。主语不论是第几人称，句子不论是什么时态，都要用<span word="had">had</span> <span word="better">better</span>的形式。 ﹡<span word="had">had</span> <span word="better">better</span>可用指现在，将来和正在进行的动作。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>. 你最好明天动身。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="starting">starting</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="now">now</span>. 我们最好现在就动身回去。 ﹡<span word="had">had</span> <span word="better">better</span> ＋ <span word="have">have</span> ＋<span word="v">v</span>.<span word="ed">ed</span>可表示“本该做而没有做的事”。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 如果你把那件事办妥就好了。(但实际上你没有那样做) ﹡<span word="had">had</span> <span word="better">better</span>的否定式。常用的否定形式是将否定副词<span word="not">not</span>直接放在<span word="had">had</span> <span word="better">better</span>的后面。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Nanjing">Nanjing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>. 你最好后天不要动身去南京。 ﹡<span word="had">had</span> <span word="better">better</span>通常不以普通疑问句的形式出现。但有时用于否定疑问句，常用<span word="Hadn">Hadn</span>'<span word="t">t</span>＋主语＋<span word="better">better</span>…？结构，作为一种劝告形式，比肯定形式的语气更婉转一些。 <span word="Hadn">Hadn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="umbrella">umbrella</span>? 你不认为该带一把伞吗？ ﹡<span word="had">had</span> <span word="better">better</span>在反意疑问句中，疑问部分一般用“<span word="had">had</span>＋主语？”，但有时可用“<span word="will">will</span> <span word="you">you</span>？”表示一种请求或建议。 <span word="You">You</span>'<span word="d">d</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="today">today</span>, <span word="had">had</span> <span word="you">you</span>? 今天你最好不要外出，好吗？ 3．<span word="would">would</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span>/<span word="rather">rather</span>…<span word="than">than</span>…意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形，常省略为'<span word="d">d</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span>/<span word="rather">rather</span>，表示优先选择的一种方式。其否定形式是<span word="would">would</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span>/<span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.。<span word="would">would</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span>/<span word="rather">rather</span>没有人称和数的变化。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="watch">watch</span> <span word="TV">TV</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cinema">cinema</span>.</p>
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