黑龙江省名校高三英语语法专题第13讲特殊句式
<p> (6)在<span word="see">see</span>，<span word="watch">watch</span>，<span word="notice">notice</span>，<span word="observe">observe</span>，<span word="hear">hear</span>，<span word="listen">listen</span> <span word="to">to</span>，<span word="look">look</span> <span word="at">at</span>，<span word="feel">feel</span>，<span word="have">have</span>，<span word="make">make</span>，<span word="let">let</span> 等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号<span word="to">to</span>；<span word="why">why</span>(<span word="not">not</span>)<span word="do">do</span>结构中，不定式不带<span word="to">to</span>。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="enter">enter</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span>.我看见她进入了房间。 <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="join">join</span> <span word="us">us</span>？为什么不加入到我们的行列里来呢？ 6．其他一些省略结构 (1)名词所有格修饰的名词，若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="weekend">weekend</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Mary">Mary</span>'<span word="s">s</span>.我们在玛丽家过的周末。 (2)<span word="what">what</span>和<span word="how">how</span>引导的感叹句中，常可省略主语<span word="it">it</span>和<span word="be">be</span>动词。 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wonderful">wonderful</span> <span word="victory">victory</span> (<span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span>) <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span>! 这对<span word="Tom">Tom</span>来说是个多么大的胜利呀！ <span word="How">How</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> (<span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> )<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="treated">treated</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="normal">normal</span> <span word="child">child</span>. 被当作一个正常孩子对待对他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。 四、祈使句 1．祈使句的句式特征 祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上往往是省略了主语。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上<span word="please">please</span>，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。 <span word="Keep">Keep</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="grass">grass</span>！勿踩草地！ <span word="Put">Put</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boxes">boxes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="room">room</span>. 把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。 2．祈使句的肯定句式 祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型： (1)行为动词原形＋其他成分。 <span word="Make">Make</span> <span word="sentences">sentences</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="model">model</span>.根据例句造句。 (2)<span word="Be">Be</span>动词＋其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。 <span word="Be">Be</span> <span word="careful">careful</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="crossing">crossing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="street">street</span>.过马路时要小心。 (3)<span word="Let">Let</span>＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分。 <span word="Let">Let</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="now">now</span>.让他现在回去吧。 3．祈使句的否定句式 祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上<span word="Don">Don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> 或<span word="Never">Never</span>，一般分为以下四种类型： (1)在祈使句的肯定句式前加<span word="Don">Don</span>'<span word="t">t</span>，构成“<span word="Don">Don</span>'<span word="t">t</span>＋行为动词原形＋其他成分”。 <span word="Don">Don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="again">again</span>！别再那样说了！ (2)在<span word="Be">Be</span>动词引起的肯定祈使句前加<span word="Don">Don</span>'<span word="t">t</span>，构成“ <span word="Don">Don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="be">be</span>＋其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)”。 <span word="Don">Don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="careless">careless</span>.不要粗心。 【注意】 在这种句型中<span word="be">be</span>不能省略；否定副词<span word="not">not</span>不可置于<span word="be">be</span>之后。 (3)<span word="Let">Let</span>引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)<span word="Let">Let</span>开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在<span word="Let">Let</span>前加<span word="Don">Don</span>'<span word="t">t</span>，也可在<span word="Let">Let</span>后宾格的名词或代词后面加<span word="not">not</span>。(2)如果是以<span word="Let">Let</span>'<span word="s">s</span>开头的祈使句，必须在<span word="Let">Let</span>'<span word="s">s</span> 后加<span word="not">not</span>。 <span word="Don">Don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>.＝<span word="Let">Let</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>.不要让我明天跟她一起去。 <span word="Let">Let</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="truth">truth</span> <span word="whenever">whenever</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="her">her</span>. 无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。 (4)在公共场合的提示语中， 否定祈使句常用“<span word="No">No</span>＋名词/<span word="v">v</span>.<span word="ing">ing</span>形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。 <span word="NO">NO</span> <span word="PHOTOS">PHOTOS</span>！禁止拍照！ 4．祈使句的反意问句 祈使句的反意疑问句需按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式： (1)祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用<span word="will">will</span> <span word="you">you</span>；表示邀请、劝说时，用<span word="won">won</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="you">you</span>。 <span word="Be">Be</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="us">us</span>，<span word="will">will</span> <span word="you">you</span>? 你一定要给我们写信，好吗？ <span word="Come">Come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="dinner">dinner</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="evening">evening</span>，<span word="won">won</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="you">you</span>? 今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？ (2)祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用<span word="will">will</span> <span word="you">you</span>。 <span word="Don">Don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="smoke">smoke</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="room">room</span>，<span word="will">will</span> <span word="you">you</span>? 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？ (3)<span word="Let">Let</span>开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除<span word="Let">Let</span>'<span word="s">s</span>用<span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="we">we</span>外，其他均用<span word="will">will</span> <span word="you">you</span>。 <span word="Let">Let</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="first">first</span>，<span word="will">will</span> <span word="you">you</span>？让那个男孩先走，好吗？ <span word="Let">Let</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="supper">supper</span>，<span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="we">we</span>? 晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？ 5．祈使句与陈述句的并列使用 祈使句后接陈述句时，需用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词<span word="and">and</span>来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词<span word="or">or</span>来连接。 <span word="Leave">Leave</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="do">do</span>. 把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。 <span word="Hurry">Hurry</span> <span word="up">up</span>，<span word="or">or</span> <span word="we">we</span>'<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="late">late</span>.快点，否则我们要迟到了。 6．特殊形式的祈使句 在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。 <span word="More">More</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="trees">trees</span> <span word="couldn">couldn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="died">died</span>.＝<span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="water">water</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="trees">trees</span> <span word="couldn">couldn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="died">died</span>.如果你给那些小树多浇点水，他们就不会死了。 五、感叹句 感叹句用来表示强烈的感情，常用<span word="what">what</span>和<span word="how">how</span>引出强调部分并放在句首(<span word="what">what</span>修饰名词，<span word="how">how</span>修饰形容词、副词)。 1．<span word="what">what</span>引导的感叹句 (1)<span word="What">What</span> ＋<span word="a">a</span>/<span word="an">an</span>(＋<span word="adj">adj</span>.)＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！ <span word="What">What</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="picture">picture</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span>！多美的图画呀！ (2)<span word="What">What</span>(＋<span word="adj">adj</span>.)＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ <span word="What">What</span> <span word="terrible">terrible</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="met">met</span>! 我们遇到了多么可怕的天气呀！ (3)<span word="What">What</span>(＋<span word="adj">adj</span>.)＋复数名词＋主语＋谓语！ <span word="What">What</span> <span word="terrible">terrible</span> <span word="mistakes">mistakes</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="made">made</span>! 他们犯了多么严重的错误呀！ 2．<span word="how">how</span>引导的感叹句 (1)<span word="How">How</span>＋<span word="adj">adj</span>.＋主语＋谓语！ <span word="How">How</span> <span word="excited">excited</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="felt">felt</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="news">news</span>! 当他听到那个好消息时，他感到无比激动！ (2)<span word="How">How</span>＋<span word="adj">adj</span>.＋<span word="a">a</span> (<span word="an">an</span>) ＋可数名词单数！ <span word="How">How</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="girl">girl</span>！多漂亮的女孩呀！ (3)<span word="How">How</span>＋副词＋主语＋谓语！ <span word="How">How</span> <span word="slowly">slowly</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="walks">walks</span>！他走得太慢了！ (4)<span word="How">How</span>＋<span word="many">many</span>/<span word="much">much</span>/<span word="few">few</span>/ <span word="little">little</span>＋名词＋主语＋谓语！ <span word="How">How</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span>！他们的书真多呀！ 3．省略形式的感叹句 (1)<span word="How">How</span>＋主语＋谓语！ <span word="How">How</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="cried">cried</span>！他们哭得多伤心啊！ (2)省略主语和谓语 <span word="How">How</span> <span word="cold">cold</span>！多冷啊！</p>
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