黑龙江省名校高三英语语法专题第10讲定语从句
<p> 一、关系代词的考查 1．下列情况中常用<span word="that">that</span>引导定语从句，不用<span word="which">which</span> (1)当先行词是<span word="all">all</span>，<span word="everything">everything</span>，<span word="nothing">nothing</span>，<span word="something">something</span>，<span word="much">much</span>，<span word="little">little</span>，<span word="few">few</span>等不定代词时。 <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="prevent">prevent</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 没有什么能阻止他做那件事。 (2)当先行词被序数词修饰时。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="visited">visited</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="Elephant">Elephant</span> <span word="Trunk">Trunk</span> <span word="Hill">Hill</span>. 他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 (3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="seen">seen</span>. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 (4)当先行词被<span word="the">the</span> <span word="very">very</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="just">just</span>等词修饰时。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="dictionary">dictionary</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span>. 这正是我要买的词典。 (5)当先行词前有<span word="who">who</span>，<span word="which">which</span>等疑问代词或先行词是<span word="who">who</span>时。 <span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="standing">standing</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gate">gate</span>? 站在门边的那个人是谁？ (6)当先行词既有人也有物时。 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="talked">talked</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="remembered">remembered</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="school">school</span>. 他们讨论他们记得的学校里的人和事。 2．下列情况只用<span word="which">which</span>引导定语从句，不用<span word="that">that</span> (1)关系词前有介词时。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="lived">lived</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span>. 这是我们去年住过的房间。 (2)非限制性定语从句中。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="failed">failed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="maths">maths</span> <span word="exam">exam</span>，<span word="which">which</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="angry">angry</span>.他数学考试没有及格，这让他父亲很生气。 3．<span word="who">who</span>和<span word="that">that</span>的区别 当先行词指人时，可以用<span word="who">who</span>，也可以用<span word="that">that</span>；当<span word="those">those</span>指人时，只用<span word="who">who</span>引导定语从句。 <span word="People">People</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="dislike">dislike</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="late">late</span>. 人们通常不喜欢那些总是迟到的人。 4．<span word="way">way</span>作先行词时，其后的限制性定语从句常由<span word="that">that</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span>来引导，引导词常被省略 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="way">way</span>(<span word="that">that</span>/<span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span>) <span word="she">she</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sell">sell</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="hair">hair</span>. 她能想到的得到足够的钱的方法是卖掉她的头发。 5．<span word="whose">whose</span>引导定语从句时在从句中作定语，可以指人也可以指物 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="window">window</span> <span word="faces">faces</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span>. 我喜欢住在窗子向东开的房子里。 6．<span word="as">as</span>和<span word="which">which</span>引导非限制性定语从句的异同 (1)<span word="as">as</span>和<span word="which">which</span>都可以在定语从句中作主语或宾语，代指前面整个句子。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="south">south</span>，<span word="as">as</span>/<span word="which">which</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="accent">accent</span>.他是南方人，我们可以从他的口音上知道。 (2)<span word="as">as</span>引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句，且常见于<span word="as">as</span> <span word="is">is</span> (<span word="well">well</span>)<span word="known">known</span>(<span word="to">to</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>.)，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="above">above</span>等句型中。<span word="which">which</span>引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，<span word="as">as</span>常有“正如，正像”的含义，<span word="which">which</span>则无此义。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Paris">Paris</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="times">times</span>，<span word="which">which</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="believe">believe</span>. 他说他去过巴黎10多次，这一点我不相信。 <span word="As">As</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="all">all</span>，<span word="China">China</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="developing">developing</span> <span word="country">country</span>. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 7．<span word="as">as</span>引导的定语从句 当先行词由<span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>，<span word="such">such</span>或<span word="as">as</span>来修饰时，用<span word="as">as</span>引导定语从句。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span>. 他和以前不一样了。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="need">need</span>. 你可以根据需要尽量拿。 二、关系副词的考查 1．关系副词在定语从句中作状语，<span word="when">when</span>指时间，<span word="where">where</span>指地点，<span word="why">why</span>指原因，在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="unhappy">unhappy</span> <span word="today">today</span>. 我不知道为什么她今天看上去不高兴。 <span word="From">From</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="little">little</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="grew">grew</span> <span word="up">up</span>. 从小时候起，他就已经知道长大后做什么了。 2．关系副词引导的定语从句可以用“介词＋关系代词”来替代。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="where">where</span>(<span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span>)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="lived">lived</span> 10 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="pulled">pulled</span> <span word="down">down</span>. 我十年前住过的房子已经被拆除了。 三、介词和关系代词的搭配考查 在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用<span word="whom">whom</span>(指人)和<span word="which">which</span>(指物)。 1．介词的选择 介词的选择可依据以下几个标准： (1)看介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯性搭配； (2)看介词和前面先行词的习惯性搭配； (3)表示“所有关系”或整体中的一部分常用<span word="of">of</span>； (4)看介词和定语从句中形容词的习惯性搭配。 <span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="price">price</span>? 这是你花大价钱买的车吗？ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="talked">talked</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span>.在会议中我与之谈话的那个人是从北京来的。 2．不定代词<span word="some">some</span>，<span word="all">all</span>，<span word="any">any</span>，<span word="neither">neither</span>...＋<span word="of">of</span>＋关系代词 <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="apples">apples</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="table">table</span>，<span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="red">red</span>.桌子上有很多苹果，其中一些是红色的。 3．复合介词＋关系代词 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="settled">settled</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="village">village</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="front">front</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="ran">ran</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="winding">winding</span> <span word="river">river</span>.我们在一个小村庄安顿下来，小村庄的前面有一条弯弯曲曲的小河。 4．形容词的比较级/最高级＋关系代词 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="sons">sons</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="oldest">oldest</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="PLA">PLA</span> <span word="man">man</span>. 她有三个儿子，最大的一个是位解放军战士。 5．名词/数词＋关系代词 <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="sixty">sixty</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="class">class</span>，<span word="twenty">twenty</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="girls">girls</span>.我们班有60名学生，其中20名是女生。</p>
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