黑龙江省名校高三英语语法专题第8讲情态动词和虚拟语气
<p> ②动词用过去完成式或<span word="would">would</span>/<span word="could">could</span>＋<span word="have">have</span>＋过去分词说明与过去的事实相反。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="wish">wish</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="pronunciation">pronunciation</span>.我们以前要是能更注意我们的发音就好了。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="wished">wished</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="stayed">stayed</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span>. 他但愿他呆在了家里。 ③情态动词“<span word="would">would</span>，<span word="could">could</span>，<span word="might">might</span>”等后接动词原形，表示将来不大可能实现的愿望(通常不用<span word="should">should</span>)。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wish">wish</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="try">try</span> <span word="again">again</span>.我希望他再试一下。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="wish">wish</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="come">come</span>.我们希望他能来。 (3)在<span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span>，<span word="would">would</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span>，<span word="had">had</span> <span word="rather">rather</span>，<span word="would">would</span> (<span word="just">just</span>) <span word="as">as</span> <span word="soon">soon</span>，<span word="would">would</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span>之后的宾语从句中，其动词用虚拟语气，表示句子的主语(某人)宁愿让另一人做某事或对过去做的事的懊悔。 ①用动词过去式表示现在或将来要做的事。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="now">now</span>. 我宁愿让你现在就回家。 <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="weekend">weekend</span>.明天别来，我宁愿你下个周末来。 ②用动词的过去完成式表示过去的动作。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="that">that</span>. 我真希望(宁愿)你没做过那件事。 4．虚拟语气用于主语从句中 (1)在句型“<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span>/<span word="was">was</span>＋过去分词＋<span word="that">that</span>从句”中，当过去分词为：<span word="insisted">insisted</span>，<span word="required">required</span>，<span word="demanded">demanded</span>，<span word="decided">decided</span>，<span word="proposed">proposed</span>，<span word="urged">urged</span>，<span word="requested">requested</span>，<span word="suggested">suggested</span>，<span word="recommended">recommended</span>，<span word="ordered">ordered</span>等时，从句中要用“<span word="should">should</span>＋动词原形”(<span word="should">should</span>可省略)。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="requested">requested</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Miss">Miss</span> <span word="Zhang">Zhang</span> (<span word="should">should</span>) <span word="give">give</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="performance">performance</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="party">party</span>. 在晚会上张小姐被请求表演一个节目。 (2)在句型“<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span>/<span word="was">was</span> ＋形容词＋<span word="that">that</span>从句”中，当形容词为：<span word="natural">natural</span>，<span word="necessary">necessary</span>，<span word="important">important</span>，<span word="strange">strange</span>等时，从句中要用“<span word="should">should</span>＋动词原形”(<span word="should">should</span>可省略)。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="master">master</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="language">language</span>. 掌握一门外语对我们来说是重要的和必要的。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="strange">strange</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> (<span word="should">should</span>) <span word="refuse">refuse</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="help">help</span>. 他竟然拒绝你们的帮助，真奇怪。 5．虚拟语气用于同位语从句或表语从句中 在名词<span word="demand">demand</span>，<span word="desire">desire</span>，<span word="requirement">requirement</span>，<span word="advice">advice</span>，<span word="recommendation">recommendation</span>，<span word="suggestion">suggestion</span>，<span word="order">order</span>，<span word="proposal">proposal</span>，<span word="plan">plan</span>，<span word="idea">idea</span>等后面的同位语从句或表语从句中，用“<span word="should">should</span>＋动词原形”(<span word="should">should</span>可省略)。但在<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="though">though</span>引导的表语从句中，从句中谓语用动词过去式或过去完成式，表示对现在或过去的虚拟。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="suggestion">suggestion</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> (<span word="should">should</span>) <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="week">week</span>. 我提出了我们下个星期开会的建议。(同位语从句) <span word="His">His</span> <span word="suggestion">suggestion</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> (<span word="should">should</span>) <span word="be">be</span> <span word="held">held</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="accepted">accepted</span>.他的关于在这个房间召开会议的建议被采纳了。(同位语从句) <span word="My">My</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> (<span word="should">should</span>) <span word="get">get</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="attend">attend</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conference">conference</span>. 我的想法是我们多找些人来参加会议。(表语从句) <span word="He">He</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="tired">tired</span>.他面带倦容。(表语从句) 6．虚拟语气用于定语从句中 在句型“<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> (<span word="high">high</span>) <span word="time">time</span>＋(<span word="that">that</span>)从句”中，谓语需用虚拟语气。用过去式表示现在或将来的意念，意为“现在是该做某事的时候了”。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> (<span word="high">high</span>) <span word="time">time</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="we">we</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="home">home</span>.我们该回家了。 7．虚拟语气用于方式状语从句中 由<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>和<span word="as">as</span> <span word="though">though</span>等引导的方式状语从句中，如果从句所表达的情况是虚拟的，则： (1)常用动词的过去式来表示与现在或当时的情况相反； <span word="The">The</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="hair">hair</span> <span word="walks">walks</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="girl">girl</span>. 留长发的那个小伙子走起路来就像个小姑娘。 (2)常用过去完成式来表示与过去的情况相反。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="injured">injured</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="acted">acted</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="happened">happened</span>. 那个受伤的男子行动起来仿佛什么也没发生一样。 一、情态动词 1．情态动词表能力 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="starving">starving</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="death">death</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="eat">eat</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="bowls">bowls</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="rice">rice</span> <span word="now">now</span>. 我快饿死了，现在我能吃两碗米饭。(现在的能力) <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span>，<span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>.如果你好好睡一觉，你将能够解出这道题。(将来的能力) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="fire">fire</span> <span word="spread">spread</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hotel">hotel</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="out">out</span>.尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都能够逃出去。(过去有能力做并且成功地做了某事)</p>
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