黑龙江省名校高三英语语法专题第2讲代词
<p> 一、替代词<span word="one">one</span>，<span word="ones">ones</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="one">one</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>，<span word="that">that</span>，<span word="those">those</span>的用法 1．<span word="one">one</span>替代单数名词，通常为泛指的不特定的名词，<span word="ones">ones</span>为其复数形式。<span word="the">the</span> <span word="one">one</span>替代前面的单数名词，表示特指，往往其后带定语，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>为其复数形式。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="haven">haven</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="computer">computer</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="year">year</span>. 我没有电脑，我想明年买一台。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="dictionary">dictionary</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span>/<span word="the">the</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shelf">shelf</span>.桌子上的那本词典比架子上的那本要好。 2．<span word="that">that</span>既可以替代特指的单数可数名词，也可以替代特指的不可数名词，替代特指的单数可数名词时，相当于<span word="the">the</span> <span word="one">one</span>。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="colder">colder</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Nanjing">Nanjing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="winter">winter</span>.在冬季，北京的天气要比南京的天气冷得多。 3．<span word="those">those</span>替代复数名词，相当于<span word="the">the</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>。 <span word="Students">Students</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Class">Class</span> <span word="One">One</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="hard">hard</span><span word="working">working</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Class">Class</span> <span word="Two">Two</span>.一班的学生比二班的学生学习更努力。 【注意】 <span word="one">one</span>替代前边的名词，作前边名词的同位语时，前边名词若是特指，要用<span word="the">the</span> <span word="one">one</span>；若是泛指则用<span word="one">one</span>。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="student">student</span>，<span word="one">one</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="helps">helps</span> <span word="others">others</span>. 他是一个热心肠的学生，一个总是帮助别人的学生。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="excellent">excellent</span> <span word="student">student</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="wins">wins</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="prize">prize</span>.他就是那个最优秀的学生，那个赢得一等奖的学生。 二、<span word="it">it</span>的用法 1．用作人称代词，代替前面提到的事物或人，在句子中作主语或宾语。 —<span word="Who">Who</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="that">that</span>？谁呀？ —<span word="It">It</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="me">me</span>.是我。 <span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="story">story</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 你的故事很有趣，但是我不喜欢。 2．用以代替指示代词(<span word="this">this</span>，<span word="that">that</span>)。 —<span word="What">What</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="this">this</span>？这是什么？ —<span word="It">It</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="panda">panda</span>.是只熊猫。 —<span word="Whose">Whose</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span><span word="book">book</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span>？那是谁的练习本？ —<span word="It">It</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="hers">hers</span>.是她的。 3．当说话者不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用<span word="it">it</span>来表示。 <span word="What">What</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="baby">baby</span>！<span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="boy">boy</span>? 多漂亮的宝宝啊！是个男孩吗？ 4．用作非人称代词，表示时间、日期、天气、温度、距离等，常用作句子的主语。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="Saturday">Saturday</span> <span word="today">today</span>.今天是星期六。 <span word="It">It</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="kilometers">kilometers</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="home">home</span>. 从我家到学校有两公里远。 5．含糊地指情况、状况。 <span word="How">How</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="market">market</span>？市场上的情况怎样？ <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="quiet">quiet</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="room">room</span>.阅览室里鸦雀无声。 6．<span word="it">it</span>作形式主语或形式宾语，而把不定式短语、动词<span word="ing">ing</span>短语或名词性从句等真正的主语或宾语置于句末。 <span word="It">It</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="impolite">impolite</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="mouth">mouth</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="food">food</span>.嘴里含着食物跟人说话是不礼貌的。 <span word="It">It</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="early">early</span>. 这么早去那儿没什么用处。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="well">well</span>. 我认为学好一门外语更为重要。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="well">well</span>. 他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。</p>
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