高考英语语法复习专题（5）介词和连词
<p> 语法复习专题（5）介词和连词</p><p> (一、考点聚焦</p><p> 1、介词的分类与语法功能</p><p> （1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如<span word="at">at</span>、<span word="in">in</span>、<span word="for">for</span>等；合成介词，如<span word="within">within</span>、<span word="inside">inside</span>、<span word="onto">onto</span>、<span word="througout">througout</span>等；短语介词，如<span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span>、<span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span>、<span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span>、<span word="by">by</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="of">of</span>、<span word="in">in</span> <span word="spite">spite</span> <span word="of">of</span>、<span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span>等。双重介词，如<span word="from">from</span> <span word="behind">behind</span> / <span word="above">above</span> / <span word="under">under</span>、<span word="until">until</span> <span word="after">after</span>等。分词介词，如<span word="considering">considering</span>、<span word="including">including</span>、<span word="judging">judging</span>(<span word="from">from</span> / <span word="by">by</span>) 等。</p><p> 常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如：</p><p> ①<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rain">rain</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="weather">weather</span></p><p> <span word="forecast">forecast</span>.</p><p> ②<span word="He">He</span> <span word="quarrelled">quarrelled</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>.</p><p> ③<span word="He">He</span> <span word="succeeded">succeeded</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="passing">passing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="final">final</span> <span word="exam">exam</span>.</p><p> ④<span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="fulfil">fulfil</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="ahead">ahead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="time">time</span>.</p><p> ⑤<span word="The">The</span> <span word="professor">professor</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="talk">talk</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="well">well</span>.</p><p> （2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如：</p><p> ①<span word="This">This</span> <span word="machine">machine</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="condition">condition</span>.(表语)</p><p> ②<span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="key">key</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="bike">bike</span>?(定语)</p><p> ③<span word="Nothing">Nothing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="water">water</span>.(状语)</p>
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