高考英语语法专项训练：第7讲_动词的时态和语态
<p> * 2.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷, 28) <span word="Every">Every</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="coal">coal</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> ______ <span word="their">their</span> <span word="lungs">lungs</span> <span word="X">X</span>-<span word="rayed">rayed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ensure">ensure</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="health">health</span>. <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="are">are</span> <span word="having">having</span></p><p> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="have">have</span></p><p> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="have">have</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="had">had</span> <span word="had">had</span></p><p> 【答案】<span word="B">B</span> 【解析】本题考查时态。根据时间状语<span word="every">every</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="years">years</span>,可判断本句应为一般现在时，因此答案选<span word="B">B</span>。 *</p><p> 前者强调按计划或安排而发生的事情；后者不强调行为的计划性，多指临时的决定或安排。</p><p> 2．考查<span word="be">be</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>和<span word="will">will</span>＋<span word="do">do</span>构成的将来时的区别 * [典例3] —<span word="Did">Did</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="Julia">Julia</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="result">result</span>? —<span word="Oh">Oh</span>，<span word="no">no</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="forgot">forgot</span>. <span word="I">I</span> ________ <span word="her">her</span> <span word="now">now</span>. <span word="A">A</span>．<span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="calling">calling</span></p><p> <span word="B">B</span>．<span word="will">will</span> <span word="call">call</span> <span word="C">C</span>．<span word="am">am</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="call">call</span></p><p> <span word="D">D</span>．<span word="am">am</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="call">call</span> [解析] 分析四个选项可知，只有<span word="B">B</span>项可表示临时作出的决定或产生的想法。<span word="A">A</span>项表示将来某一时刻正在发生的事；<span word="C">C</span>项可表示预先安排好的要发生的事情；<span word="D">D</span>项表示早就有的打算。[答案] <span word="B">B</span> * 3．考查过去时和现在完成时的区别</p><p> 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成 的影响；而过去时仅说明过去发生的动作，与 现在毫无关系。 * [典例4] <span word="The">The</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="translated">translated</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="thirty">thirty</span> <span word="languages">languages</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="it">it</span> ________<span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1973. <span word="A">A</span>．<span word="had">had</span> <span word="come">come</span></p><p> <span word="B">B</span>．<span word="has">has</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="C">C</span>．<span word="came">came</span></p><p> <span word="D">D</span>．<span word="comes">comes</span> [解析] <span word="since">since</span>引导的从句作状语时，主句通常用完成时，而从句通常用一般过去时，所以选<span word="C">C</span>项。[答案] <span word="C">C</span> * 过去时往往有明确的过去时间状语，说明是发生在过去的动作；而过去完成时表示过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态，强调“过去的过去”，句中常有<span word="by">by</span>，<span word="before">before</span>，等词引导的时间状语。 4．考查一般过去时和过去完成时的区别 * (2011四川卷)－<span word="What">What</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mistake">mistake</span> ! －<span word="Yes">Yes</span>. <span word="I">I</span>________ <span word="his">his</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="way">way</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="success">success</span>. <span word="A">A</span>．<span word="was">was</span> <span word="suggesting">suggesting</span></p>
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