2017届高考英语一轮复习课件：Module7 Unit 1《Living with technology》（2）（译林版湖南专用）
<p> <span word="Module">Module</span> 7</p><p> <span word="Unit">Unit</span> 1 <span word="Living">Living</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="technology">technology</span>（2） 状语从句(1) 状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。按照其意义，状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。状语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点，也是历年高考重点考查的内容之一。学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别，以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。 一、时间状语从句 1．引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多，常见的有<span word="before">before</span>, <span word="after">after</span>, <span word="when">when</span>, <span word="while">while</span>, <span word="as">as</span>, <span word="since">since</span>, <span word="till">till</span>, <span word="until">until</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="as">as</span> 等。 2．表示“当……时候”的 <span word="while">while</span>, <span word="when">when</span>, <span word="as">as</span> 的用法区别是：<span word="while">while</span>从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词；表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时，只能用 <span word="when">when</span>；当表示“一边……一边……”或“随着”时，只能用 <span word="as">as</span>。另外，用于此意的 <span word="as">as</span> 所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词，不能是状态动词。如下面一道高考题的答案是 <span word="B">B</span> 而不能是<span word="A">A</span>：“<span word="I">I</span>'<span word="m">m</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="post">post</span> <span word="office">office</span>.” “________ <span word="you">you</span>'<span word="re">re</span> <span word="there">there</span>, <span word="can">can</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="stamps">stamps</span>？” <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="As">As</span></p><p> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="While">While</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="Because">Because</span></p><p> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="If">If</span> 3．<span word="until">until</span> 在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词，表示相应动作结束的时间；在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词，表示相应动作开始的时间，意为“直到……才……”。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="waited">waited</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="leave">leave</span>. 他等着直到她准备离开。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="begin">begin</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="till">till</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="gone">gone</span>. 他走了后我才开始工作。 4．表示“一……就……”除用 <span word="as">as</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="as">as</span> 外，还可用 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="minute">minute</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="instant">instant</span>, <span word="immediately">immediately</span>, <span word="directly">directly</span>, <span word="instantly">instantly</span>, <span word="no">no</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span>…<span word="than">than</span>…， <span word="hardly">hardly</span>…<span word="when">when</span>…等。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="immediately">immediately</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="called">called</span>. 你一来电话我就来了。 <span word="Hardly">Hardly</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="snow">snow</span>. 她刚到就下起雪来了。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="moment">moment</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="I">I</span>'<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="call">call</span>. 我一干完就给你打电话。 5．<span word="every">every</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="each">each</span> <span word="time">time</span>, (<span word="the">the</span>) <span word="next">next</span> <span word="time">time</span>, (<span word="the">the</span>) <span word="last">last</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="any">any</span> <span word="time">time</span> 等以 <span word="time">time</span> 结尾的词语也可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。 <span word="Next">Next</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="in">in</span>, <span word="please">please</span> <span word="close">close</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="door">door</span>. 下次你进来，请关门。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="him">him</span>. 上次我见到他时他什么也没告诉我。 <span word="By">By</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="home">home</span>, <span word="she">she</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bed">bed</span>. 我到家时她已睡觉了。 二、条件状语从句 1．引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有<span word="if">if</span>, <span word="unless">unless</span>, <span word="as">as</span> (<span word="so">so</span>) <span word="long">long</span> <span word="as">as</span>等。 <span word="Don">Don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="unless">unless</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="telephone">telephone</span>. 除非我打电话，否则你别来。 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="watch">watch</span> <span word="carefully">carefully</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 如果你仔细瞧你会看出该怎样做。 <span word="As">As</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="best">best</span>, <span word="we">we</span>'<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="happy">happy</span>. 只要你尽力，我们就满意了。 2．<span word="in">in</span> <span word="case">case</span> 也可引导条件状语从句，其意为“如果”、“万一”。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="forget">forget</span>, <span word="please">please</span> <span word="remind">remind</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 如果我忘了，请提醒我。 三、让步状语从句 1．引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有<span word="although">although</span>, <span word="though">though</span>, <span word="however">however</span> (＝<span word="no">no</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="how">how</span>), <span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span>(即使), <span word="whether">whether</span>…<span word="or">or</span>…(不论……还是……)等连词。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="speech">speech</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="good">good</span>, <span word="though">though</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="better">better</span>. 这次演讲不错，虽然还可以再好一点。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="though">though</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="raining">raining</span>. 尽管下雨，他还是出去了。 2．<span word="as">as</span>也可引导让步状语从句，但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到 <span word="as">as</span> 前，若提前的是单数可数名词，要省略 <span word="a">a</span>/<span word="an">an</span>。 <span word="Teacher">Teacher</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="can">can</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="everything">everything</span>. 虽然是老师，他也不可能什么都懂。 3．连词 <span word="while">while</span> 有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。 <span word="While">While</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="don">don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="agree">agree</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="continue">continue</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="friends">friends</span>. 尽管我们意见不同，我们还是朋友。 4．<span word="whatever">whatever</span>, <span word="whoever">whoever</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="whenever">whenever</span>, <span word="wherever">wherever</span>等引导让步状语从句。 <span word="Don">Don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="lose">lose</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="whatever">whatever</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="do">do</span>. 不管你做什么，都不要灰心。 <span word="Whoever">Whoever</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="pass">pass</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="way">way</span>. 不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过。 注意：表示“虽然”的 <span word="though">though</span>, <span word="although">although</span> 不可与 <span word="but">but</span> 连用，但可与 <span word="yet">yet</span>, <span word="still">still</span>连用。 四、原因状语从句 1．引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有<span word="because">because</span>, <span word="as">as</span>, <span word="since">since</span>, <span word="seeing">seeing</span> (<span word="that">that</span>), <span word="now">now</span> (<span word="that">that</span>)等。 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="can">can</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="light">light</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="on">on</span>. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。 <span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="going">going</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="go">go</span>. 既然你去，我也去。 <span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="alone">alone</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="freely">freely</span>. 现在我们单独在一起，可以随便谈了。 2．除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外，<span word="when">when</span>有时也可引导原因状语从句，其意为“既然”。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="won">won</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="listen">listen</span>. 既然你不想听，我就不告诉你了。 3. 有关原因状语从句还应注意以下几点： (1)<span word="as">as</span> 与 <span word="since">since</span>, <span word="now">now</span> <span word="that">that</span>一样表示双方都知道的原因，通常位于主句前，且均不可用于强调结构被强调。 (2)当表示直接的因果关系，回答<span word="why">why</span>时，或有<span word="only">only</span>, <span word="just">just</span>, <span word="all">all</span>, <span word="partly">partly</span>, <span word="not">not</span>, <span word="but">but</span> 等副词修饰时，或用在强调结构中都只能用 <span word="because">because</span>。 (3)<span word="for">for</span>有时也可引出表示原因的分句，但它只能位于后面，对前一分句加以解释或推断。 (4)不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的<span word="so">so</span>连用。 五、地点状语从句 1．引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有<span word="where">where</span> (在……的地方), <span word="wherever">wherever</span>(无论什么地方), <span word="everywhere">everywhere</span>(每个……地方), <span word="anywhere">anywhere</span>(任何……地方)。 <span word="I">I</span>'<span word="m">m</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span>. 我不在原处住了。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="can">can</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="camp">camp</span> <span word="where">where</span> (<span word="wherever">wherever</span>, <span word="anywhere">anywhere</span>) <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="days">days</span>.</p>
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