2017高考精准考点：形容词的使用讲解和形容词练习
<p> 形容词的使用讲解和形容词练习</p><p> 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="student">student</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="works">works</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>. 她是一个好学生,她学习努力。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="bike">bike</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="expensive">expensive</span>. 这辆自行车很贵。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="sorry">sorry</span>, <span word="I">I</span>'<span word="m">m</span> <span word="busy">busy</span> <span word="now">now</span>. 对不起,我现在很忙。 <span word="Have">Have</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="everything">everything</span> <span word="ready">ready</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span>? 你为这次会议做好准备吗? 形容词在句中的位置: 形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面, 音节多的形容词放在后面。 英语单词中,<span word="something">something</span>, <span word="anything">anything</span>, <span word="nothing">nothing</span> 等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词放在名词后面。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="you">you</span>. 我有重要的事要告诉你。 <span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span>. 电影里有什么有趣的内容吗？ <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="dangerous">dangerous</span> <span word="here">here</span>. 这儿一点都不危险。 由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="read">read</span>. 这是一本容易读的书。 用 <span word="and">and</span> 或 <span word="or">or</span> 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 <span word="Everybody">Everybody</span>, <span word="man">man</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="woman">woman</span>, <span word="old">old</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="young">young</span>, <span word="should">should</span> <span word="attend">attend</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span>. 每一个人,男女老少,都应该参加会议。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="box">box</span> <span word="away">away</span>, <span word="big">big</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="small">small</span>. 这些箱子，不管大小，你都可以拿走。 形容词的比较级和最高级: 绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。 形容词的比较级和最高级: 形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。 分为规则变化和不规则变化。 规则变化: 1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -<span word="er">er</span> 和 -<span word="est">est</span> 构成。 <span word="great">great</span> (原级) <span word="greater">greater</span>(比较级) <span word="greatest">greatest</span>(最高级) 2) 以 -<span word="e">e</span> 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -<span word="r">r</span> 和 -<span word="st">st</span> 构成。 <span word="wide">wide</span> (原级) <span word="wider">wider</span> (比较级) <span word="widest">widest</span> (最高级) 3)少数以-<span word="y">y</span>, -<span word="er">er</span>, -<span word="ow">ow</span>, -<span word="ble">ble</span>结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -<span word="er">er</span> 和 -<span word="est">est</span> 构成。 <span word="clever">clever</span>(原级) <span word="cleverer">cleverer</span>(比较级) <span word="cleverest">cleverest</span>(最高级) 4) 以 -<span word="y">y</span> 结尾,但 -<span word="y">y</span> 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -<span word="y">y</span> 去掉,加上 -<span word="ier">ier</span> 和-<span word="est">est</span> 构成. <span word="happy">happy</span> (原形) <span word="happier">happier</span> (比较级) <span word="happiest">happiest</span> (最高级) 5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -<span word="er">er</span>和-<span word="est">est</span>。 <span word="big">big</span> (原级) <span word="bigger">bigger</span> (比较级) <span word="biggest">biggest</span> (最高级) 6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用<span word="more">more</span> 和 <span word="most">most</span> 加在形容词前面来构成。 <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> (原级) <span word="difficult">difficult</span> (原级) <span word="more">more</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> (比较级) <span word="more">more</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> (比较级) <span word="most">most</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> (最高级) <span word="most">most</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> (最高级) 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 <span word="good">good</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="worse">worse</span> <span word="worst">worst</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="ill">ill</span> <span word="worse">worse</span> <span word="worst">worst</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="farther">farther</span>(<span word="further">further</span>) <span word="farthest">farthest</span>(<span word="furthest">furthest</span>) 形容词前如加 <span word="less">less</span> 和 <span word="lest">lest</span> 则表示"较不"和"最不" <span word="important">important</span> 重要 <span word="less">less</span> <span word="important">important</span> 较不重要 <span word="lest">lest</span> <span word="important">important</span> 最不重要 形容词比较级的用法: 形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下: 主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+<span word="than">than</span>+ 对比成分。 也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+<span word="than">than</span>+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。 <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="taller">taller</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span>. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="warmer">warmer</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="picture">picture</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="one">one</span>. 这张照片比那张照片漂亮。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="one">one</span>. 这次会议不如那次会议重要。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="sun">sun</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="moon">moon</span>. 太阳比月亮大得多。 形容词最高级的用法: 形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为: 主语+谓语(系动词)+<span word="the">the</span>+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="class">class</span>. 她是班上最好的学生。 <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="biggest">biggest</span> <span word="cities">cities</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>. 上海是中国最大城市之一。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="biggest">biggest</span> <span word="apple">apple</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="met">met</span>. 这是我见到的最大的苹果。 <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tallest">tallest</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="basketball">basketball</span> <span word="team">team</span>. 汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。 几个特殊用法: <span word="most">most</span> 同形容词连用而不用 <span word="the">the</span>,表示 "极,很,非常, 十分"。 <span word="It">It</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="dangerous">dangerous</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="here">here</span>. 在这儿太危险。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span>, <span word="it">it</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span>. 我干不了这件事，太难了。 "<span word="The">The</span>+形容词比较级..., <span word="the">the</span>+形容词比较级..."表示 " 越... 就越..."。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="study">study</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="know">know</span>. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="want">want</span>. 我越有就越想要有。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="more">more</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="better">better</span>. 越多越好。 " 形容词比较级 + <span word="and">and</span> + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。 <span word="It">It</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="hotter">hotter</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="hotter">hotter</span>. 天气越来越热了. <span word="It">It</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="pity">pity</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="poorer">poorer</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="poorer">poorer</span>. 真可怜他越来越穷了。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="cheaper">cheaper</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="cheaper">cheaper</span>. 计算机越来越便宜。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="year">year</span>. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。 主语+谓语(系动词)+<span word="as">as</span>+形容词原形+<span word="as">as</span>+从句。表示两者对比相同。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="box">box</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="mine">mine</span>. 这个盒子和我的一样大。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="coat">coat</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="cheap">cheap</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="one">one</span>. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="brother">brother</span>. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。 用形容词表示类别和整体 <span word="the">the</span> + 形容词 表示某种人。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="helps">helps</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="poor">poor</span>. 他经常帮助穷人。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="talk">talk</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="young">young</span>. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="sometimes">sometimes</span> <span word="complain">complain</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="empty">empty</span> <span word="life">life</span>. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="police">police</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="street">street</span>. 警察领老人横过马路。 以-<span word="ly">ly</span>结尾的形容词 1） 大部分形容词加-<span word="ly">ly</span>可构成副词。但 <span word="friendly">friendly</span>，<span word="deadly">deadly</span>，<span word="lovely">lovely</span>，<span word="lonely">lonely</span>，<span word="likely">likely</span>，<span word="lively">lively</span>，<span word="ugly">ugly</span>，<span word="brotherly">brotherly</span>，仍为形容词。 改错：(错） <span word="She">She</span> <span word="sang">sang</span> <span word="lovely">lovely</span>. （错） <span word="He">He</span> <span word="spoke">spoke</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="friendly">friendly</span>. （对） <span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="singing">singing</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="lovely">lovely</span>. （对） <span word="He">He</span> <span word="spoke">spoke</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="friendly">friendly</span> <span word="way">way</span>. 2）有些以-<span word="ly">ly</span> 结尾的词既为形容词，也为副词。 <span word="daily">daily</span>，<span word="weekly">weekly</span>，<span word="monthly">monthly</span>，<span word="yearly">yearly</span>，<span word="early">early</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Times">Times</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="daily">daily</span> <span word="paper">paper</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Times">Times</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="daily">daily</span>. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="round">round</span> <span word="table">table</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tall">tall</span> <span word="gray">gray</span> <span word="building">building</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dirty">dirty</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="brown">brown</span> <span word="shirt">shirt</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="German">German</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="expensive">expensive</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="sports">sports</span> <span word="car">car</span> 一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照下表： 限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+ <span word="those">those</span> + <span word="three">three</span> + <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> + <span word="large">large</span> + <span word="square">square</span> 新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词 <span word="old">old</span> + <span word="brown">brown</span> + <span word="wood">wood</span> + <span word="table">table</span> 典型例题: 1） <span word="Tony">Tony</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="camping">camping</span> <span word="with">with</span> ___ <span word="boys">boys</span>. <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="little">little</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="two">two</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="otherC">otherC</span>. <span word="two">two</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="little">little</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="two">two</span> 答案：<span word="C">C</span>。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --性质--名词"的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有<span word="C">C</span>符合答案。 2) <span word="One">One</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="crossed">crossed</span> <span word="the">the</span> ____<span word="bridge">bridge</span> <span word="behind">behind</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="palace">palace</span>. <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="old">old</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="stone">stone</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="stoneC">stoneC</span>. <span word="old">old</span> <span word="stone">stone</span> <span word="ChineseD">ChineseD</span>. <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="stone">stone</span> <span word="old">old</span> 答案<span word="A">A</span>. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。 3) ---- <span word="How">How</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="visit">visit</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Qingdao">Qingdao</span>? ---- <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="great">great</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="visited">visited</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="friends">friends</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="the">the</span> ___<span word="days">days</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="seaside">seaside</span>. <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="few">few</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="sunny">sunny</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="last">last</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="sunny">sunny</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="last">last</span> <span word="sunny">sunny</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="few">few</span> <span word="sunny">sunny</span> <span word="last">last</span> 答案：<span word="B">B</span>。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。</p>
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