2017高考精准考点：高考英语作文指导之图表说明文
<p> 高考英语作文指导之图表说明文</p><p> 一、图表说明文的常见类型 1.以表格形式,将统计的数据或被说明的事物直接用表格形式体现出来 2.表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异的柱状图 3.表示数据变化的曲线图 4.表示总体内部结构变化的扇形图 二、图表作文的一般结构：建议用三段式作文 三、图表类说明文的写作结构： 第一段：开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题, 即<span word="conclusion">conclusion</span>. 第二段：分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，然后描写（在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题，并阐明必要的理由）。注意层次。 第三段：归纳总结或发表评论 四、写作步骤： 1．审题（四确定） 1）确定类型 2）确定体裁 3）确定主体时态 4）确定主体人称 2.列要点 3.依要点, 拟草纲, 组织成句. 4.构篇章,扩句成文. 5.检查润色 6.书写 五、图标说明文常用词句。 1.常用词汇： <span word="table">table</span>(表格, 项目表), <span word="chart">chart</span>(图表), <span word="graph">graph</span>(图表, 曲线图)，<span word="figure">figure</span>（数据）,<span word="rate">rate</span> (比列，比率)，<span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="survey">survey</span> <span word="about">about</span>…(做关于…的调查) , <span word="describe">describe</span>， <span word="tell">tell</span>, <span word="show">show</span>, <span word="represent">represent</span>, <span word="Obviously">Obviously</span>/<span word="Apparently">Apparently</span>（很明显地），<span word="rise">rise</span>，<span word="increase">increase</span>（增多，增加），<span word="climb">climb</span>，<span word="go">go</span> <span word="up">up</span>， <span word="fall">fall</span>，<span word="decline">decline</span>（下降），<span word="decrease">decrease</span>（减少，减低），<span word="drop">drop</span>，<span word="go">go</span> <span word="down">down</span>, …. 2.常用句型： 1).<span word="The">The</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="of">of</span> … <span word="is">is</span> 2).<span word="There">There</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> /<span word="slight">slight</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> /<span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="in">in</span>… 3).<span word="The">The</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> …. 4).<span word="The">The</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="dropped">dropped</span> <span word="slightly">slightly</span> <span word="from">from</span> 38%<span word="in">in</span>… <span word="to">to</span> 31% <span word="in">in</span>… 5). <span word="By">By</span> <span word="comparison">comparison</span> <span word="with">with</span>…, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="decreased">decreased</span>/<span word="increased">increased</span>/<span word="fell">fell</span> <span word="from">from</span>…<span word="to">to</span>… 6). <span word="From">From</span> <span word="Chart">Chart</span> 1, / <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Chart">Chart</span> 2, /<span word="As">As</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Chart">Chart</span> 1, 7）<span word="Besides">Besides</span>/ <span word="What">What</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="more">more</span>/<span word="What">What</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="worse">worse</span>. 8）<span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="word">word</span>/<span word="In">In</span> <span word="short">short</span>/ <span word="Generally">Generally</span> <span word="speaking">speaking</span> /<span word="In">In</span> <span word="summary">summary</span>/ <span word="As">As</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="concerned">concerned</span>. 3.单句训练： 1.由表1，我们可以看出…… 2.最近的一项关于人们怎样度假的调查表明。 3.总之，通过对1996年和2005年所有比率的对比，我们可以看出，现在人们越来越关注享受生活。 4.1996年，12%的人选择到国外度假，但是到了2005年，这个比率翻了一翻。 5.选择上大学的学生比率由2002年的56.5%上升到2005年的81.2%。 6.这些变化有两方面的原因。 六、优秀范文背诵 1.下图是你们学校中学生每天各项活动的情况。请你根据此图用英语写一篇短文，介绍你校每天的生活。词数不少于120左右。 <span word="As">As</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Chart">Chart</span>，<span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="life">life</span> . <span word="We">We</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="spend">spend</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="eight">eight</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="eight">eight</span> <span word="periods">periods</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="lessons">lessons</span> <span word="per">per</span> <span word="day">day</span>. <span word="What">What</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="more">more</span>, <span word="much">much</span> <span word="homework">homework</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="daily">daily</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="students">students</span>. <span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="sports">sports</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="hour">hour</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="period">period</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="meals">meals</span>， <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="hour">hour</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> 7 <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="obviously">obviously</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="adequate">adequate</span> <span word="for">for</span>（足够，适合） <span word="young">young</span> <span word="students">students</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="leisure">leisure</span>（空闲的）<span word="time">time</span>--- <span word="about">about</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="hour">hour</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="day">day</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="activities">activities</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="newspapers">newspapers</span>, <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="walk">walk</span>, <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="washing">washing</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="shopping">shopping</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="all">all</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="truth">truth</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="busy">busy</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="long">long</span>.? <span word="We">We</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="free">free</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="own">own</span>. 2.下面的图表反映的是你校2002年与2005年学生健康状况的部分数据。请你用英语写一份报告，反映你校三年学生健康状况的变化情况，并提出两条相应的改进措施。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="survey">survey</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="worse">worse</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="years">years</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="nearsighted">nearsighted</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="from">from</span> 78.2% <span word="in">in</span> 2002 <span word="to">to</span> 92.5% <span word="in">in</span> 2005, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="overweight">overweight</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="from">from</span> 36% <span word="to">to</span> 52.2%. <span word="Nearly">Nearly</span> 10% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="lack">lack</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="homework">homework</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>. <span word="Besides">Besides</span>, <span word="over">over</span> 15% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="mentally">mentally</span> (精神上,智力上)<span word="unhealthy">unhealthy</span>. <span word="To">To</span> <span word="improve">improve</span> <span word="students">students</span>’ <span word="health">health</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="call">call</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="homework">homework</span>. <span word="Only">Only</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="plenty">plenty</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="meanwhile">meanwhile</span>(同时; 其间) <span word="prevent">prevent</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="nearsighted">nearsighted</span>. <span word="Proper">Proper</span>(适当的) <span word="diets">diets</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="won">won</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="easily">easily</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="weight">weight</span>. <span word="With">With</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="heavy">heavy</span> <span word="burdens">burdens</span>（负担，重负）<span word="removed">removed</span>, <span word="students">students</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="normal">normal</span> <span word="mental">mental</span> <span word="health">health</span>. 3.假如你是李华。你将代表学校参加国际中学生论坛，就你城市的教育状况发表演讲。请根据以下两幅图表，介绍你市高中生的构成情况及毕业去向的选择，并针对两幅图表中的任何一个数据所反映的情况发表你自己的看法。 <span word="Ladies">Ladies</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="gentlemen">gentlemen</span>, <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="Li">Li</span> <span word="Hua">Hua</span>. <span word="Today">Today</span>, <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="greatly">greatly</span> <span word="honoured">honoured</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="behalf">behalf</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="school">school</span>. <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="talk">talk</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="city">city</span>. <span word="From">From</span> <span word="chart">chart</span>1, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="backgrounds">backgrounds</span>. <span word="Besides">Besides</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="students">students</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="up">up</span> 91<span word="percent">percent</span>, <span word="eight">eight</span> <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="non">non</span>-<span word="local">local</span> <span word="workers">workers</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="even">even</span> 1 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="students">students</span>. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="chart">chart</span> 2, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="students">students</span>’ <span word="choices">choices</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="graduation">graduation</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="presented">presented</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wider">wider</span> <span word="variety">variety</span>. <span word="Sixty">Sixty</span> <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="intend">intend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="universities">universities</span>. <span word="Thirty">Thirty</span> <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="choose">choose</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="enter">enter</span> <span word="vocational">vocational</span> <span word="schools">schools</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rest">rest</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="studies">studies</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="city">city</span>, <span word="more">more</span> <span word="foreigners">foreigners</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="attracted">attracted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="happy">happy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="send">send</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="promising">promising</span>(有希望的, 有前途的). <span word="That">That</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="all">all</span>. <span word="Thank">Thank</span> <span word="all">all</span>.</p>
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