翻译时要注意英译汉中的反译法
<p>下面是常见的两个词组，请注意它们的汉语意思：</p><p>① <span word="riot">riot</span> <span word="police">police</span>防暴警察（即<span word="anti">anti</span>-<span word="riot">riot</span> <span word="police">police</span>，而不是暴乱的警察）</p><p>② <span word="crisis">crisis</span> <span word="law">law</span>反危机法案（即<span word="anti">anti</span>-<span word="crisis">crisis</span> <span word="law">law</span>)）</p><p>这两个词组的翻译采用的就是反译法，译文都是其字面意义的否定或反义，这样既表达了原文的真正含义，又符合汉语的表达习惯，使人一看就懂。</p><p>另外，英文报刊文章标题的翻译有时也采用反译法。如《中国日报》（<span word="China">China</span> <span word="Daily">Daily</span>）曾刊登一则资讯，题目是<span word="Inflation">Inflation</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="target">target</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="bank">bank</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="policy">policy</span>，主要说的是银行在1995年将采取有力措施制止通货膨胀。但题目的字面意思恰恰相反。因此我们在翻译时必须把<span word="inflation">inflation</span>看成是<span word="anti">anti</span>-<span word="inflation">inflation</span>，使之文题一致。这样的标题在英文报刊中比较常见，目的是为简练及醒目，在翻译时要格外注意，切勿望文生义。</p><p>再让我们来看看下面的例子：</p><p>（1）<span word="Sidney">Sidney</span> <span word="Simon">Simon</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="college">college</span> <span word="grading">grading</span> <span word="system">system</span> "<span word="archaic">archaic</span>, <span word="prescientific">prescientific</span>, <span word="bureaucratic">bureaucratic</span> <span word="invention">invention</span>", <span word="and">and</span> "<span word="about">about</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="accurate">accurate</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="police">police</span> <span word="estimates">estimates</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="crowds">crowds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="peace">peace</span> <span word="marches">marches</span>." 如果按字面翻译，这句话是这样的：西德尼• 西蒙称这种大学评级制度“是过时的，缺乏科学验证”，而且还是“官僚主义的产物”，“简直同警察估计和平示威人数一样准确”。</p><p>既然前面已说了这个评级制度“过时无用，缺乏科学验证”，而且还是“官僚主义的产物”，后面又怎么能说它“准确”呢？这显然自相矛盾，西蒙所表达的真正含义绝非如此。</p>
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