翻译技巧：语态的选择
<p> 1) 什么是“语态变换”？</p><p>2) 英语语态与英语词性的关系？</p><p>3) 与汉语相比，英语语态的特点是什么？</p><p>1.“语态变换”是指翻译中英语和汉语两种语言之间主动与被动的转换。译文里的语态并不一定完全遵循原文里的语态，要根据情况作恰当选择。</p><p>2.英语语态与英语词性有密切的联系。我们甚至可以直接通过一个词来判断它具有主动含义还是被动含义。如有些名词的后缀常具有主动语态意义。最常见的有 -<span word="ar">ar</span>，-<span word="or">or</span>，-<span word="er">er</span>，这样的单词有<span word="beggar">beggar</span>(乞丐)，<span word="liar">liar</span>(惯于说谎者)，<span word="instructor">instructor</span>(指导者)，<span word="professor">professor</span>(教授)，<span word="worker">worker</span>(工人)，<span word="writer">writer</span>(作者)。另一些名词后缀如-<span word="ee">ee</span>却具有被动意义，这样的单词有<span word="examinee">examinee</span>(受审查者，被测试者)，<span word="interviewee">interviewee</span>(被访问者)，<span word="employee">employee</span>(被雇佣者)。除名词外，英语定冠词“<span word="the">the</span>”与过去分词构成的名词常指承受者，如：<span word="the">the</span> <span word="oppressed">oppressed</span>(受压迫者)，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="accused">accused</span>(被告)，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="wounded">wounded</span>(受伤者)。由-<span word="ing">ing</span>分词转化来的形容常带有主动意义，而由及物-<span word="ed">ed</span>分词转化来的形容词则常带有被动意义。如<span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="film">film</span>(令人感兴趣的电影)，<span word="disappointed">disappointed</span> <span word="look">look</span>(失望的表情)。有些由介词、名词和介词构成的介词短语常表达主动意义，如：<span word="in">in</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="of">of</span>(替代)，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="of">of</span>(需要)，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="of">of</span>(需要)，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="possession">possession</span> <span word="of">of</span>(拥有)，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="charge">charge</span> <span word="of">of</span>(负责)，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="of">of</span>(控制)。但由介词、定冠词<span word="the">the</span>、名词和介词构成的介词短语常表达被动意义，如：<span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mercy">mercy</span> <span word="of">of</span>(受……摆布)，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="of">of</span>(由……照料)，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="charge">charge</span> <span word="of">of</span>(由……负责)，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="possession">possession</span> <span word="of">of</span>(由……拥有)，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="of">of</span>(由……雇用的)。</p>
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