2017届高考英语语法专题复习教案：英语方位表示法
<p> 英语方位表示法为数不少，但容易混淆。特别是几个介词的用法常常令自学者无所适从。有时"一字之差"就可能"失之千里"。为此，笔者拟用比较的方式以<span word="east">east</span>为例介绍一些常见的方位表示法。</p><p> (一)<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span> 与 <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span>的区别 1．<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span>表示我们生活中和地理位置上的绝对方向。如： <span word="The">The</span> <span word="sun">sun</span> <span word="rises">rises</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sets">sets</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="west">west</span>.太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Great">Great</span> <span word="Wall">Wall</span> <span word="begins">begins</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Shanhaiguan">Shanhaiguan</span> <span word="Pass">Pass</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ends">ends</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Jiayuguan">Jiayuguan</span> <span word="Pass">Pass</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="west">west</span>.长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关。 2．<span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span>表示某事物位于另一事物所朝的方向。这里的方向是相对而言的。如： <span word="China">China</span> <span word="faces">faces</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Pacific">Pacific</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span>.中国东临太平洋。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="faces">faces</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Atlantic">Atlantic</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Pacific">Pacific</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="west">west</span>.美国东临大西洋，西濒太平洋。</p><p> (二) <span word="in">in</span> (<span word="to">to</span>，<span word="on">on</span>，<span word="at">at</span>) <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="of">of</span> 1．要表示<span word="A">A</span>在<span word="B">B</span>的东部，即：<span word="A">A</span>在<span word="B">B</span>的范围之内时就用"<span word="A">A</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="B">B</span>"，如： <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Asia">Asia</span>.日本在亚洲东部。 <span word="Italy">Italy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="south">south</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span>.意大利在欧洲南部。 2．如果<span word="A">A</span>在<span word="B">B</span>的东方，即：<span word="A">A</span>在<span word="B">B</span>的范围之外，且相隔有一定的距离，就用"<span word="A">A</span> <span word="lies">lies</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="B">B</span>".口语中有时可将<span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span>省去。如： <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="lies">lies</span> (<span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span>) <span word="east">east</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="China">China</span>.日本位于中国东方。 <span word="France">France</span> <span word="lies">lies</span> (<span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span>) <span word="east">east</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="England">England</span>.法国位于英国东方。 3．如果<span word="A">A</span>在<span word="B">B</span>的东边（侧），即：<span word="A">A</span>与<span word="B">B</span>相邻接。就用"<span word="A">A</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="B">B</span>".如： <span word="Guangdong">Guangdong</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="south">south</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Hunan">Hunan</span>.广东在湖南南边。 <span word="Shangdong">Shangdong</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="north">north</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</span>.山东在江苏北边。 4．如果把方位词当作一个整体看，或是看成一点，就用"<span word="A">A</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="B">B</span>" 如: <span word="There">There</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="battle">battle</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="north">north</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Liaodong">Liaodong</span> <span word="Peninsula">Peninsula</span>.在辽东半岛的北边有一场大战。 5．如果要表示"<span word="A">A</span>位于<span word="B">B</span>东面100公里处"时我们既可以说"<span word="A">A</span> <span word="lies">lies</span> <span word="l">l</span>00<span word="km">km</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="B">B</span>"，也可以说"<span word="A">A</span> <span word="lies">lies</span> 100<span word="km">km</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="B">B</span>". 后者在美国口语中更为常见。如： <span word="The">The</span> <span word="plane">plane</span> <span word="crashed">crashed</span> 30 <span word="miles">miles</span> <span word="south">south</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span>.飞机在离城南30英里处坠毁。 <span word="Suzhou">Suzhou</span> <span word="lies">lies</span> 50 <span word="miles">miles</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="west">west</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span>.苏州位于上海西面50英里处。</p>
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