首页 › 高考英语 › 2017届高考英语语法专题复习教案：数词

meili 发表于 2022-10-18 20:53:52

2017届高考英语语法专题复习教案：数词

<p>　　数词主要分为基数词和序数词两类。 　一、 数词的分类 1. 基数词 　表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下： <span word="A">A</span>．从1——10 <span word="one">one</span>，<span word="two">two</span>，<span word="three">three</span>，<span word="four">four</span>，<span word="five">five</span>，<span word="six">six</span>，<span word="seven">seven</span>，<span word="eight">eight</span>，<span word="nine">nine</span>，<span word="ten">ten</span>． <span word="B">B</span>．从 11——19 <span word="eleven">eleven</span>，<span word="twelve">twelve</span>， <span word="thirteen">thirteen</span>， <span word="fourteen">fourteen</span>， <span word="fifteen">fifteen</span>， <span word="sixteen">sixteen</span>， <span word="seventeen">seventeen</span>，<span word="eighteen">eighteen</span>， <span word="nineteen">nineteen</span>． 这里除 <span word="eleven">eleven</span>， <span word="twelve">twelve</span>， <span word="thirteen">thirteen</span>， <span word="fifteen">fifteen</span>， <span word="eighteen">eighteen</span>为特殊形式外，<span word="fourteen">fourteen</span>，<span word="sixteen">sixteen</span>，<span word="seventeen">seventeen</span>，<span word="nineteen">nineteen</span>都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-<span word="teen">teen</span>构成。 <span word="C">C</span>．从 21——99 整数几十中除<span word="twenty">twenty</span>，<span word="thirty">thirty</span>, <span word="forty">forty</span>，<span word="fifty">fifty</span>，<span word="eighty">eighty</span>为特殊形式外，<span word="sixty">sixty</span>，<span word="seventy">seventy</span>，<span word="ninety">ninety</span>都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-<span word="ty">ty</span>构成。表示几十几时，在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-” 　21 <span word="twenty">twenty</span>-<span word="one">one</span>　76 <span word="seventy">seventy</span>-<span word="six">six</span> <span word="D">D</span>．百位数 　个数基数词形式加“<span word="hundred">hundred</span>”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上<span word="and">and</span>． 101 <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="one">one</span>320 <span word="three">three</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="twenty">twenty</span> 648 <span word="six">six</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="forty">forty</span>-<span word="eight">eight</span> <span word="E">E</span>．千位数以上 从数字的右端向左端数起，每三位数加一个逗号“，”。从右开始，第一个“，”前的数字后添加 <span word="thousand">thousand</span>，第二个“，”前面的数字后添加 <span word="million">million</span>，第三个“，”前的数字后添加 <span word="billion">billion</span>。然后一节一节分别表示，两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。 2,648 <span word="two">two</span> <span word="thousand">thousand</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="forty">forty</span>-<span word="eight">eight</span> 16,250,064 <span word="sixteen">sixteen</span> <span word="million">million</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fifty">fifty</span> <span word="thousand">thousand</span> <span word="sixty">sixty</span>-<span word="four">four</span> 5,237,166,234 <span word="five">five</span> <span word="billion">billion</span>，<span word="two">two</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="thirty">thirty</span>-<span word="seven">seven</span> <span word="million">million</span>，<span word="one">one</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sixty">sixty</span>-<span word="six">six</span> <span word="thousand">thousand</span>，<span word="two">two</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="thirty">thirty</span>-<span word="four">four</span> <span word="F">F</span>．基数词在表示确切的数字时，不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式；但是，当基数词表示不确切数字，如成百、成千上万，三三两两时，基数词则以复数形式出现。 <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="hundreds">hundreds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hall">hall</span>．大厅里有数以百计的人。 <span word="Thousands">Thousands</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="thousands">thousands</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="visit">visit</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Museum">Museum</span> <span word="of">of</span>　<span word="Qin">Qin</span> <span word="Terra">Terra</span>-<span word="Cotta">Cotta</span> <span word="Warriors">Warriors</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Horses">Horses</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>． 　 每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆。 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="theatre">theatre</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="twos">twos</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="threes">threes</span>．他们三三两两地来到了剧院。 <span word="G">G</span>．表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="professor">professor</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="thirties">thirties</span>．他三十多岁时成为了教授。 <span word="She">She</span> <span word="died">died</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="lung">lung</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="forties">forties</span>．她四十来岁时死于肺癌。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1960<span word="s">s</span>．那是在二十世纪六十年代。 <span word="H">H</span>．基数词的句法功能 基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="happily">happily</span> <span word="opened">opened</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="box">box</span>．两个人高兴地打开了盒子。（作主语） <span word="I">I</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="altogether">altogether</span>．我总共需要三个。（作宾语） <span word="Four">Four</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="playing">playing</span> <span word="volleyball">volleyball</span> <span word="outside">outside</span>．四个学生在外面打排球。（作定语） <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="sixteen">sixteen</span>．我们是16个人。（作表语） <span word="They">They</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="tried">tried</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="finish">finish</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="sunset">sunset</span>．他们三个人尽力想在日落前完成任务。（作同位语） 　2. 序数词 　表示顺序的词称为序数词。序数词的主要形式： <span word="A">A</span>．从第一至第十九　其中，<span word="one">one</span>— <span word="first">first</span>， <span word="two">two</span>— <span word="second">second</span>， <span word="three">three</span>— <span word="third">third</span>， <span word="five">five</span>— <span word="fifth">fifth</span>，<span word="eight">eight</span>—<span word="eighth">eighth</span>，<span word="nine">nine</span>—<span word="ninth">ninth</span>，<span word="twelve">twelve</span>— <span word="twelfth">twelfth</span>为特殊形式，其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“<span word="th">th</span>”构成。例如： <span word="six">six</span>— <span word="sixth">sixth</span>、<span word="nineteen">nineteen</span>— <span word="nineteenth">nineteenth</span>． <span word="B">B</span>．从第二十至第九十九 整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母<span word="y">y</span>为<span word="i">i</span>，再加“<span word="eth">eth</span>”构成。 <span word="twenty">twenty</span>——<span word="twentieth">twentieth</span> <span word="thirty">thirty</span>——<span word="thirtieth">thirtieth</span> 表示第几十几时，用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“－”和个位序数词形式一起表示。 <span word="thirty">thirty</span>-<span word="first">first</span> 第三十一<span word="fifty">fifty</span>-<span word="sixth">sixth</span> 第五十六<span word="seventy">seventy</span>-<span word="third">third</span> 第七十三 <span word="ninety">ninety</span>-<span word="ninth">ninth</span> 第九十九 <span word="C">C</span>．第一百以上的多位序数词 由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。 <span word="one">one</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="twenty">twenty</span>-<span word="first">first</span> 第一百二十一 <span word="one">one</span> <span word="thousand">thousand</span>，<span word="three">three</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="twentieth">twentieth</span> 第一千三百二十 <span word="D">D</span>．序数词的缩写形式 有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。 <span word="first">first</span>——<span word="lst">lst</span> <span word="second">second</span>——2<span word="nd">nd</span> <span word="third">third</span>——3<span word="rd">rd</span> <span word="fourth">fourth</span>——4<span word="th">th</span> <span word="sixth">sixth</span>——6<span word="th">th</span> <span word="twentieth">twentieth</span>——20<span word="th">th</span> <span word="twenty">twenty</span>-<span word="third">third</span>——23<span word="rd">rd</span> 其中<span word="lst">lst</span>，2<span word="nd">nd</span>，3<span word="rd">rd</span>为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上<span word="th">th</span>。 <span word="E">E</span>．序数词的句法功能 序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="need">need</span>．第二个是我真正需要的。（作主语） <span word="He">He</span> <span word="choose">choose</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span>．他挑选了第二个。（作宾语） <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="carry">carry</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="plan">plan</span>．我们将执行第一个计划。（作定语） <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="class">class</span>．在我们班她是第二名。（作表语） 注：序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词 <span word="the">the</span>；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词<span word="a">a</span>或<span word="an">an</span>时，则表示“再——”，“又——”。 <span word="We">We</span>’<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="time">time</span>．我们得再念第二遍。 <span word="We">We</span>’<span word="ve">ve</span> <span word="tried">tried</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="times">times</span>．<span word="Must">Must</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="try">try</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fourth">fourth</span> <span word="time">time</span>?我们已经试过三遍了，还必须试一次（第四次）吗？ 另外，基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可，不需要添加定冠词。 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="lesson">lesson</span>——<span word="Lesson">Lesson</span> <span word="One">One</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fifth">fifth</span> <span word="page">page</span>——<span word="Page">Page</span> 5（<span word="five">five</span>） <span word="the">the</span> <span word="twenty">twenty</span>-<span word="first">first</span> <span word="room">room</span>——<span word="Room">Room</span> 21（<span word="twenty">twenty</span>-<span word="one">one</span>） 二、时刻表示法 　1. 表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的<span word="o">o</span>’<span word="clock">clock</span> 5:00 读作 <span word="five">five</span> <span word="o">o</span>’<span word="clock">clock</span> 或 <span word="five">five</span> 　2. 表示几点过几分，在分钟后加<span word="past">past</span>，再加小时 <span word="five">five</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="seven">seven</span> 七点过五分<span word="half">half</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="six">six</span> 六点半 <span word="a">a</span> <span word="quarter">quarter</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="eight">eight</span> 八点过一刻<span word="seven">seven</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="eight">eight</span> 八点过七分 　3. 表示几点差几分，在分钟后面加<span word="to">to</span>，再加小时 <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="eight">eight</span> 差十分八点（七点五十分）<span word="a">a</span> <span word="quarter">quarter</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="twelve">twelve</span> 差一刻十二点（十一点四十五分） <span word="twenty">twenty</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="six">six</span> 差二十分六点（五点四十分） 　在日常生活中，常用下列简单方法表示时间。以小时、分种为单位分别读出数字。 6:31　读作 <span word="six">six</span> <span word="thirty">thirty</span>-<span word="one">one</span>10:26读作 <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="twenty">twenty</span>-<span word="six">six</span> 14:03 读作 <span word="fourteen">fourteen</span> <span word="o">o</span> <span word="three">three</span>16:15 读作 <span word="sixteen">sixteen</span> <span word="fifteen">fifteen</span> 18:30 读作 <span word="eighteen">eighteen</span> <span word="thirty">thirty</span>23:55 读作 <span word="twenty">twenty</span>-<span word="three">three</span> <span word="fifty">fifty</span>-<span word="five">five</span> 　注：时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法，这样就不需要用<span word="a">a</span>.<span word="m">m</span>.表示上午，<span word="p">p</span>.<span word="m">m</span>.表示下午了。 三、年月表示法 　1. 世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪<span word="century">century</span>表示，也可以用定冠词加百位进数加’<span word="s">s</span>表示 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sixth">sixth</span>（6<span word="th">th</span>）<span word="century">century</span> 公元六世纪<span word="the">the</span> <span word="eighteenth">eighteenth</span>（18<span word="th">th</span>）<span word="century">century</span> 公元十八世纪 <span word="the">the</span> 1900’<span word="s">s</span> 二十世纪<span word="the">the</span> 1600’<span word="s">s</span> 十七世纪 这里，用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪。 　2. 年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1930’<span word="s">s</span>（<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="thirties">thirties</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="twentieth">twentieth</span> <span word="century">century</span>或 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nineteen">nineteen</span> <span word="thirties">thirties</span>）在二十世纪三十年代 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1860’<span word="s">s</span>（<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sixties">sixties</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> 19<span word="th">th</span> <span word="century">century</span>或 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="eighteen">eighteen</span> <span word="sixties">sixties</span>）在十九世纪六十年代 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1870’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="Marx">Marx</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="fifties">fifties</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="situation">situation</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Russia">Russia</span>，<span word="so">so</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="Russian">Russian</span>．在十九世纪七十年代当马克思已经五十多岁时，他发现研究俄国的形势很重要，便开始学习俄语。 　3. 表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期，可以在定冠词后，年代前添加 <span word="early">early</span>，<span word="mid">mid</span>-，<span word="late">late</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="early">early</span> 1920’<span word="s">s</span> 在二十世纪二十年代早期 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mid">mid</span>-1950’<span word="s">s</span> 在二十世纪五十年代中期 　4. 年月日表示法 <span word="A">A</span>．年份用基数词表示，一般写为阿拉伯数字，读时可以以<span word="hundred">hundred</span>为单位，也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。 1949 读作 <span word="nineteen">nineteen</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="forty">forty</span>-<span word="nine">nine</span> 或 <span word="nineteen">nineteen</span> <span word="forty">forty</span>-<span word="nine">nine</span> 1800 读作 <span word="eighteen">eighteen</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> 253 读作 <span word="two">two</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fifty">fifty</span>-<span word="three">three</span>或<span word="two">two</span> <span word="fifty">fifty</span>-<span word="three">three</span> 1902 读作 <span word="nineteen">nineteen</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="two">two</span>或 <span word="nineteen">nineteen</span> <span word="o">o</span> <span word="two">two</span> 表示在哪一年，一般在年数前加介词<span word="in">in</span>，使用<span word="year">year</span>时，<span word="year">year</span>放在数词之前。 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="fifty">fifty</span>-<span word="three">three</span> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="C">C</span>. 在公元前253年 但是，通常采用<span word="in">in</span>加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。 <span word="B">B</span>. 月份，在哪个月用介词<span word="in">in</span>加第一个字母大写的月份词表示。例如：<span word="in">in</span> <span word="May">May</span>在五月； <span word="in">in</span> <span word="July">July</span>在七月。为了简便起见，月份与日期连用时，月份常用缩写形式表示。缩写形式除<span word="May">May</span>，<span word="June">June</span>，<span word="July">July</span>外，其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示，但<span word="September">September</span>除外。 <span word="January">January</span>——<span word="Jan">Jan</span>．一月 <span word="February">February</span>——<span word="Feb">Feb</span>．二月<span word="March">March</span>——<span word="Mar">Mar</span>. 三月 <span word="April">April</span>——<span word="Apr">Apr</span>．四月 <span word="August">August</span>——<span word="Aug">Aug</span>．八月<span word="September">September</span>——<span word="Sept">Sept</span>．九月<span word="October">October</span>——<span word="Oct">Oct</span>．十月 <span word="November">November</span>——<span word="Nov">Nov</span>．十一月<span word="December">December</span>——<span word="Dec">Dec</span>．十二月 注：这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略，因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。 <span word="C">C</span>．日期用定冠词<span word="the">the</span>加序数词表示。在哪一天要添加介词<span word="on">on</span>。 <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Day">Day</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Oct">Oct</span>. 1.国庆节是十月一日。（读作 <span word="October">October</span> <span word="first">first</span>） 此句也可以表示为 <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Day">Day</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1<span word="st">st</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="October">October</span>． <span word="May">May</span> 5 五月五日（读作<span word="May">May</span> <span word="fifth">fifth</span>）也可以表示为<span word="the">the</span> <span word="fifth">fifth</span>（5<span word="th">th</span>）<span word="of">of</span> <span word="May">May</span> <span word="Mar">Mar</span>. 1（<span word="st">st</span>） 三月一日（读作<span word="March">March</span> <span word="first">first</span>或 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="March">March</span>） 　5. 表示不具体、不确切的时间，如世纪、年代、年份、月份时，用介词<span word="in">in</span>表示，表示具体确切的某一天用介词<span word="on">on</span>表示通常情况下<span word="morning">morning</span>，<span word="afternoon">afternoon</span>，<span word="evening">evening</span>等词前用介词<span word="in">in</span>。但是，当这些词前后有一修饰限定的词作为定语，把它们限定为某一天早晨、下午或晚上时，介词<span word="in">in</span>应改为<span word="on">on</span>。这里的修饰限定词可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、定语从句等。 <span word="On">On</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cold">cold</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="died">died</span> <span word="lonely">lonely</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="house">house</span>． 在一个寒冷的早晨，这个老人孤独地死在自己的房子里。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="disturbed">disturbed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="nights">nights</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="study">study</span>． 我不愿意在我必须学习的晚上被打扰。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="accident">accident</span> <span word="happened">happened</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="July">July</span> 7．这次事故发生在7月7日下午。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Monday">Monday</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>．星期一早晨我们将进行一次小测验。四、加减乘除表示法 　1. “加”用<span word="plus">plus</span>，<span word="and">and</span>或<span word="add">add</span>表示；“等于”用<span word="is">is</span>，<span word="make">make</span>，<span word="equal">equal</span>等词表示。 2+3=? 可表示为： <span word="How">How</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="plus">plus</span> <span word="three">three</span>? 2+3=5 <span word="Two">Two</span> <span word="plus">plus</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="five">five</span>． <span word="Two">Two</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="five">five</span>． <span word="Two">Two</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="five">five</span>． <span word="Two">Two</span> <span word="added">added</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="equals">equals</span> <span word="five">five</span>． <span word="If">If</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="add">add</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="to">to</span>/<span word="and">and</span> <span word="three">three</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="five">five</span>． 二加三等于五 　2. “减”用 <span word="minus">minus</span>或 <span word="take">take</span> <span word="from">from</span>表示 10－6＝?　<span word="How">How</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="minus">minus</span> <span word="six">six</span>? 10-6=4 <span word="Ten">Ten</span> <span word="minus">minus</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="four">four</span>． <span word="Take">Take</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="remainder">remainder</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="four">four</span>. <span word="Six">Six</span> (<span word="taken">taken</span>) <span word="from">from</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="four">four</span>． 十减去六等于四 　3. “乘”用<span word="time">time</span>（动词）或<span word="multiply">multiply</span>表示 3<span word="X">X</span>4＝? <span word="How">How</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="four">four</span>? 3<span word="X">X</span>4=12 <span word="Three">Three</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="is">is</span>/<span word="are">are</span> <span word="twelve">twelve</span>． <span word="Multiply">Multiply</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="four">four</span>，<span word="we">we</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="twelve">twelve</span>． <span word="Three">Three</span> <span word="multiplied">multiplied</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="twelve">twelve</span>． 三乘以四等于十二 　4. “除”用<span word="divide">divide</span>的过去分词形式表示 16÷4=? <span word="How">How</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="sixteen">sixteen</span> <span word="divided">divided</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="four">four</span>? 16÷4＝4 　<span word="Sixteen">Sixteen</span> <span word="divided">divided</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="four">four</span>． <span word="Sixteen">Sixteen</span> <span word="divided">divided</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="equals">equals</span>/<span word="gives">gives</span>/<span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="four">four</span>． 十六除以四等于四。 五、分数表示法 　1. 分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。 　3/4 <span word="three">three</span> <span word="fourths">fourths</span>或 <span word="three">three</span> <span word="quarters">quarters</span> 1/3 <span word="one">one</span> <span word="third">third</span>或<span word="a">a</span> <span word="third">third</span> 24/25 <span word="twenty">twenty</span>-<span word="four">four</span> <span word="twenty">twenty</span>-<span word="fifths">fifths</span> 　3 1/4 <span word="three">three</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="fourth">fourth</span>或 <span word="three">three</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="quarter">quarter</span> 1/2 <span word="a">a</span> <span word="half">half</span> 1/4 <span word="one">one</span> <span word="quarter">quarter</span>或<span word="a">a</span> <span word="quarter">quarter</span> 　1 1/2 <span word="one">one</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="half">half</span> 1 1/4 <span word="one">one</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="quarter">quarter</span> 　2. 当分数后面接名词时，如果分数表示的值大于1，名词用复数；小于1，名词用单数。 1 1/2 <span word="hours">hours</span> 一个半小时（读作 <span word="one">one</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="hours">hours</span>） 2 3/4 <span word="meters">meters</span> 二又四分之三米（读作<span word="two">two</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="three">three</span>-<span word="fourths">fourths</span> <span word="meters">meters</span>） 4/5 <span word="meter">meter</span> 五分之四米 5/6 <span word="inch">inch</span> 六分之五英寸 　3. 表示“<span word="n">n</span>次方”的说法：指数用序数词，底数用基数词。 10的7次方 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="seventh">seventh</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="ten">ten</span>（<span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="seventh">seventh</span> <span word="power">power</span>） 6的10次方 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tenth">tenth</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="six">six</span>（<span word="six">six</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tenth">tenth</span> <span word="power">power</span>） 六 、小数表示法 　1. 小数用基数词来表示，以小数点为界，小数点左首的数字为一个单位，表示整数，数字合起来读；小数点右首的数字为一个单位，表示小数，数字分开来读；小数点读作 <span word="point">point</span>，<span word="o">o</span>读作 <span word="zero">zero</span>或<span word="o">o</span>［<span word="ou">ou</span>］，整数部分为零时，可以省略不读。 0.4 <span word="zero">zero</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="four">four</span>或<span word="point">point</span> <span word="four">four</span> 零点四 10.23 <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="three">three</span> 十点二三 25.67 <span word="twenty">twenty</span>-<span word="five">five</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="seven">seven</span> 二十五点六七 <span word="l">l</span>.03 <span word="one">one</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="o">o</span> <span word="three">three</span> 一点零三 　2. 当数字值大于1时，小数后面的名词用复数，数字值小于1时，小数后面的名词用单数。 1.03 <span word="meters">meters</span> 一点零三米 0.49 <span word="ton">ton</span> 零点四九吨 <span word="l">l</span>.5 <span word="tons">tons</span> 一点五吨 七、百分数表示法 百分数用基数＋<span word="percent">percent</span>表示 50％ <span word="fifty">fifty</span> <span word="percent">percent</span>　百分之五十 3％ <span word="three">three</span> <span word="percent">percent</span>　百分之三 0.12％ <span word="zero">zero</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="percent">percent</span> 百分之零点一二 这里的<span word="percent">percent</span>前半部<span word="per">per</span>表示“每一”，<span word="cent">cent</span>这一后半部分表示“百”，所以百分之几中<span word="percent">percent</span>不用复数形式。 八、数量表示法 　1. 表示长、宽、高、面积等，用基数词+单位词（<span word="meter">meter</span>，<span word="foot">foot</span>，<span word="inch">inch</span>，<span word="kilogram">kilogram</span>等）+ 形容词（<span word="long">long</span>，<span word="wide">wide</span>，<span word="high">high</span>等）表示，或者用基数词+单位词 + <span word="in">in</span> + 名词（<span word="length">length</span>， <span word="width">width</span>， <span word="height">height</span>， <span word="weight">weight</span>等）表示。 <span word="two">two</span> <span word="meters">meters</span> <span word="long">long</span>或 <span word="two">two</span> <span word="meters">meters</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="length">length</span> 2米长 <span word="three">three</span> <span word="feet">feet</span> <span word="high">high</span>或 <span word="three">three</span> <span word="feet">feet</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="height">height</span> 3英尺高 　<span word="four">four</span> <span word="inches">inches</span> <span word="wide">wide</span>或 <span word="four">four</span> <span word="inches">inches</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="width">width</span> 4英寸宽 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="box">box</span> <span word="is">is</span> 2 <span word="kilograms">kilograms</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="weight">weight</span>． 这个盒子有两千克重。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="wall">wall</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Xi">Xi</span>’<span word="an">an</span> <span word="is">is</span> 12 <span word="meters">meters</span> <span word="wide">wide</span> <span word="and">and</span> 12 <span word="meters">meters</span> <span word="high">high</span>． 西安城墙是12米宽，12米高。 　2. 表示时间、距离时，使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语。 <span word="five">five</span> <span word="minutes">minutes</span>’ <span word="walk">walk</span>步行五分钟（的距离） <span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="hour">hour</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="ride">ride</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="hometown">hometown</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="university">university</span>． 从我的家乡到我们大学是乘车一小时的路程。或：从我的家乡到我们大学需要乘车一小时。 <span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="kilometers">kilometers</span>’ <span word="distance">distance</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="campus">campus</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Bell">Bell</span> <span word="Tower">Tower</span>. 从我们校园到钟楼有三公里远。 　3. 表示温度时，用<span word="below">below</span> <span word="zero">zero</span>表示零下温度，温度用基数词+<span word="degree">degree</span>（<span word="s">s</span>）+单位词（<span word="centigrade">centigrade</span>摄氏或<span word="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</span>华氏）表示。 <span word="thirty">thirty</span>-<span word="six">six</span> <span word="degrees">degrees</span> <span word="centigrade">centigrade</span>或 36 摄氏 36度 <span word="four">four</span> <span word="degrees">degrees</span> <span word="below">below</span> <span word="zero">zero</span> <span word="centigrade">centigrade</span>或 -4 摄氏零下4度 <span word="Water">Water</span> <span word="freezes">freezes</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="thirty">thirty</span>-<span word="two">two</span> <span word="degrees">degrees</span> <span word="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</span>．水在华氏三十二度时结冰。 <span word="Water">Water</span> <span word="boils">boils</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="degrees">degrees</span> <span word="centigrade">centigrade</span>．水在摄氏一百度时沸腾。 这里的单位词在人们都很清楚是什么度量制度时，可以省略。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="are">are</span> 37．（读作 <span word="thirty">thirty</span>-<span word="seven">seven</span> <span word="degrees">degrees</span>）你是三十七度。（摄氏） <span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="seven">seven</span> <span word="degrees">degrees</span> <span word="below">below</span> <span word="zero">zero</span>．今天是零下七度。（摄氏） 　4. 由数词和其他名词构成的名词性短语作定语时，其中的名词用单数形式，名词性短语中各部分间要用连字符“-”来连接。 <span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="five">five</span>-<span word="minute">minute</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="library">library</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="playground">playground</span>．从图书馆到操场需要走五分钟。 <span word="She">She</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sixteen">sixteen</span>-<span word="year">year</span>-<span word="old">old</span> <span word="girl">girl</span>．她是个十六岁的女孩。 　5. 表示“比···大（或）几倍”的说法。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="one">one</span>．这个房间比那个（房间）大两倍。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="dictionary">dictionary</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="thicker">thicker</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="book">book</span>．这本词典比那本书厚四倍。 <span word="My">My</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="his">his</span>．我的年龄比他大两倍。</p>

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