2017年高考英语三轮复习 语法专项之名词和冠词课件
<p> 2017年高考三轮复习</p><p> [冠词] 当代语法把冠词分为定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词(即不用冠词)三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词(或名词化的形容词分词)前面，说明其所指的人或物。 一、定冠词的基本用法 1．表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="book">book</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="useful">useful</span>. 2．用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：<span word="Close">Close</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="window">window</span>, <span word="please">please</span>. 3．用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：<span word="the">the</span> <span word="sun">sun</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="moon">moon</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="earth">earth</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>等。 4．用于表示方位的名词之前。如：<span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span>. 5．用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：<span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tallest">tallest</span>. 6．用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：<span word="the">the</span> <span word="sick">sick</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wounded">wounded</span>. 7．用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：<span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="Nation">Nation</span>. 8．用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Changjiang">Changjiang</span> <span word="River">River</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="East">East</span> <span word="Lake">Lake</span>. 9．用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Smiths">Smiths</span>. 10．用于乐器、发明物、年代名词前。如：<span word="play">play</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="piano">piano</span>; <span word="play">play</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="violin">violin</span>.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="compass">compass</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="invented">invented</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>.</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="lived">lived</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="countryside">countryside</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1970<span word="s">s</span>. 11．固定词组中。如：<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>(<span word="afternoon">afternoon</span>, <span word="evening">evening</span>), <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> , <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="time">time</span>. 二、不定冠词的基本用法 1．泛指一个。如：<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="table">table</span>. 2．指人或事物的某一种类。如：<span word="His">His</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="driver">driver</span>.<span word="Longjing">Longjing</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wonderful">wonderful</span> <span word="tea">tea</span>. 3．指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：<span word="My">My</span> <span word="sister">sister</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="saved">saved</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span></p>
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