辜鸿铭《论语》英译本赏析
<p>随着《论语》英译本问世，辜鸿铭成为中国翻译史上对外译介儒家经典的第一人。辜鸿铭以其高深的英语造诣和对儒家学说的精到理解，其译本充分实现了传播儒家思想的原始目的。</p><p>中国古汉语的一大特点是遣词造句采用意合法，重意义组合而轻形式结构，少用或不用关联词语，语法意义和逻辑联系隐含在字里行间，不直接显现出来。而英语的特点是采用形合法，注重形式结构，多采用或常用关联词语，显性衔接，以形显义。</p><p>例1、子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？”</p><p>辜译：<span word="Confucius">Confucius</span> <span word="remarked">remarked</span>, “ <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="indeed">indeed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pleasure">pleasure</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="acquire">acquire</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="and">and</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="acquiring">acquiring</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="acquired">acquired</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="pleasure">pleasure</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="friends">friends</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="congenial">congenial</span> <span word="minds">minds</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="afar">afar</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="seek">seek</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="attainments">attainments</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="truly">truly</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wise">wise</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="feels">feels</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="discomposure">discomposure</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="noticed">noticed</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="men">men</span>.”</p><p>解析：1）原文语句凝练，无任何赘述，十分符合上述所说的古汉语的特点。辜鸿铭翻译时，添加了很多成分，如“<span word="greater">greater</span>, <span word="still">still</span>, <span word="of">of</span> <span word="congenial">congenial</span> <span word="minds">minds</span>, <span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="attainments">attainments</span>”等词语。</p><p>2) 第一句使用“<span word="pleasure">pleasure</span>”,第二句中使用“<span word="a">a</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="pleasure">pleasure</span> <span word="still">still</span>”，可见两种快乐的程度不同，独自学习和朋友切磋的快乐呈递进关系。</p>
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