定语从句的翻译技巧:顺势断句
<p>在口译中,面对接踵而来的信息,我们要避免顾此失彼,尽可能缩小翻译与讲话者之间的时间差,争取主动。这样我们可以按照听到的原文顺序,不停的把句子切成个别的意群或概念单位,必要时,再加一些总结过渡的字词将这些单位比较自然的连接起来,翻译出整体的原意,这个方法可称之为断句基础上的顺势驱动。定语从句可以采取顺势断句译法。如:</p><p>1.<span word="Before">Before</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="went">went</span> ,<span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="participants">participants</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scheme">scheme</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="short">short</span> <span word="list">list</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="words">words</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="UK">UK</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="confused">confused</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="offend">offend</span> <span word="them">them</span>.</p><p>可以将这个定语从句,拆成两个单独的句子,中间通过重复英语中的先行词,将断开的句子连接起来。译文:在我动身之前,我们这个项目所有的参与者都得到一小份单词表,上面列出某些在英国通用,而在美国则可能引起他们误解,甚至冒犯他们的词汇。</p><p>再如:<span word="Working">Working</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="President">President</span> <span word="Ronald">Ronald</span> <span word="Reagan">Reagan</span>,<span word="Mr">Mr</span>. <span word="Bush">Bush</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="silent">silent</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="subservient">subservient</span> <span word="vice">vice</span> <span word="president">president</span>,∥<span word="a">a</span> <span word="former">former</span> <span word="rival">rival</span> ∥<span word="who">who</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="himself">himself</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="proving">proving</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="loyalty">loyalty</span>∥ <span word="by">by</span> <span word="staying">staying</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="background">background</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="never">never</span> ∥<span word="speaking">speaking</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="beliefs">beliefs</span> <span word="differed">differed</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="boss">boss</span>.</p><p>这本来是一个很长的句子,有定语从句,又有插入语,信息量也较多。如果不进行合理断句,很难在短时间内把所有信息,完全通顺的翻译出来。经过断句后,这个定语从句可以采用顺序驱动的方法。译文:布什先生为里根总统效力时,是一份缄默顺从的副总统,他以前曾是里根的竞争对手,当了副总统以后,他要证实自己对里根的忠诚:他尽量不抛头露面突出自己,在即的观点与上司相左时,他总是把话放到肚子里。</p>
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