Group Identity May Prevent Human Stampedes
<p><span word="Large">Large</span> <span word="gatherings">gatherings</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="peaceful">peaceful</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="sometimes">sometimes</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="unruly">unruly</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="deadly">deadly</span> <span word="consequences">consequences</span>. <span word="Last">Last</span> <span word="year">year</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="stampede">stampede</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Hajj">Hajj</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Saudi">Saudi</span> <span word="Arabia">Arabia</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="left">left</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> 2,000 <span word="people">people</span> <span word="dead">dead</span>. <span word="Psychologists">Psychologists</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="understanding">understanding</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="crowds">crowds</span> <span word="sometimes">sometimes</span> <span word="behave">behave</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="do">do</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="controlling">controlling</span> <span word="them">them</span>, <span word="involves">involves</span> <span word="recognizing">recognizing</span> <span word="people">people</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="capacity">capacity</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="regulation">regulation</span>.</p><p><span word="Saudi">Saudi</span> <span word="authorities">authorities</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> $300 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="improve">improve</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="safety">safety</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="pilgrims">pilgrims</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="annual">annual</span> <span word="visit">visit</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Muslim">Muslim</span> <span word="holy">holy</span> <span word="sites">sites</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="central">central</span> <span word="tenet">tenet</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Islam">Islam</span>.</p><p><span word="But">But</span> <span word="stampedes">stampedes</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="happen">happen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Saudi">Saudi</span> <span word="Arabia">Arabia</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="elsewhere">elsewhere</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="psychologists">psychologists</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="trying">trying</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="prevent">prevent</span> <span word="them">them</span>.</p><p><span word="Understanding">Understanding</span> <span word="stampedes">stampedes</span></p><p><span word="Observing">Observing</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="undergraduate">undergraduate</span> <span word="students">students</span>, <span word="psychologists">psychologists</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Sussex">Sussex</span> <span word="noticed">noticed</span> <span word="differences">differences</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="subjects">subjects</span> <span word="perceived">perceived</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="sharing">sharing</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="space">space</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="others">others</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="opposed">opposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sharing">sharing</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="sort">sort</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="identity">identity</span>.</p><p>“<span word="We">We</span> <span word="primed">primed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bunch">bunch</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="undergraduate">undergraduate</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="identity">identity</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="library">library</span> <span word="square">square</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Sussex">Sussex</span> <span word="campus">campus</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="filmed">filmed</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="walked">walked</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bridge">bridge</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="tracked">tracked</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span>” <span word="Anne">Anne</span> <span word="Tempelton">Tempelton</span>, <span word="PhD">PhD</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="explained">explained</span>. “<span word="and">and</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="compared">compared</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="weren">weren</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="primed">primed</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="all">all</span>.”</p><p><span word="Sharing">Sharing</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="identity">identity</span>, <span word="stick">stick</span> <span word="together">together</span></p><p><span word="Students">Students</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="shared">shared</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="identity">identity</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="wearing">wearing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="baseball">baseball</span> <span word="caps">caps</span>, <span word="stayed">stayed</span> <span word="together">together</span>, <span word="keeping">keeping</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="close">close</span> <span word="formation">formation</span>. <span word="Students">Students</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="belong">belong</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="rushed">rushed</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span>.</p>
页:
[1]