Solar Cells May Replace Panels
<p><span word="Rapidly">Rapidly</span> <span word="expanding">expanding</span> <span word="solar">solar</span> <span word="cell">cell</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="currently">currently</span> <span word="relies">relies</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="expensive">expensive</span> <span word="photovoltaic">photovoltaic</span> <span word="materials">materials</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="silicon">silicon</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="cadmium">cadmium</span> <span word="telluride">telluride</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="production">production</span>, <span word="installation">installation</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="maintenance">maintenance</span> <span word="costs">costs</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="high">high</span>.</p><p><span word="Troy">Troy</span> <span word="Townsend">Townsend</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="assistant">assistant</span> <span word="professor">professor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="chemistry">chemistry</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="St">St</span>. <span word="Mary">Mary</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="College">College</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="St">St</span>. <span word="Mary">Mary</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="City">City</span>, <span word="Maryland">Maryland</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="efficient">efficient</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="cheaper">cheaper</span> <span word="inorganic">inorganic</span> <span word="materials">materials</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="create">create</span> <span word="paintable">paintable</span> <span word="solar">solar</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>.</p><p><span word="To">To</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="efficiency">efficiency</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="expensive">expensive</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cover">cover</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="surfaces">surfaces</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="roofs">roofs</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="entire">entire</span> <span word="communities">communities</span>.</p><p>"<span word="Typically">Typically</span>, <span word="silicon">silicon</span> <span word="solar">solar</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="between">between</span> 16 <span word="and">and</span> 18 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="efficient">efficient</span>," <span word="Townsend">Townsend</span> <span word="said">said</span>. "<span word="There">There</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="commercially">commercially</span> <span word="available">available</span> <span word="cadmium">cadmium</span> <span word="telluride">telluride</span> <span word="solar">solar</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>, <span word="from">from</span> <span word="First">First</span> <span word="Solar">Solar</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="gotten">gotten</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> 20 <span word="percent">percent</span>. <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="devices">devices</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="between">between</span> 5 <span word="and">and</span> 12 <span word="percent">percent</span>."</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="photovoltaic">photovoltaic</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="synthesized">synthesized</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="mixing">mixing</span> <span word="nanocrystals">nanocrystals</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="organic">organic</span> <span word="solvents">solvents</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="resulting">resulting</span> <span word="substance">substance</span> "<span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="printed">printed</span>, <span word="sprayed">sprayed</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="spin">spin</span>-<span word="coated">coated</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="entire">entire</span> <span word="device">device</span> <span word="fully">fully</span> <span word="solution">solution</span>-<span word="processed">processed</span>," <span word="Townsend">Townsend</span> <span word="said">said</span>.</p><p><span word="Once">Once</span> <span word="deposited">deposited</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="suitable">suitable</span> <span word="surface">surface</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="glass">glass</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="photosensitive">photosensitive</span> <span word="layers">layers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="heated">heated</span>, <span word="together">together</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="agent">agent</span>. <span word="Instead">Instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="commonly">commonly</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="highly">highly</span> <span word="toxic">toxic</span> <span word="substances">substances</span>, <span word="Townsend">Townsend</span> <span word="discovered">discovered</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="nontoxic">nontoxic</span> <span word="salts">salts</span>.</p><p><span word="Individual">Individual</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="connected">connected</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="series">series</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="parallel">parallel</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="voltage">voltage</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="current">current</span>.</p>
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